摘要
目的:探究北京2022年冬奥会冰雪运动冻伤、颌面创伤防护装备的保护原理、保护程度、保护性能及不足之处。方法:根据国家标准及相关指标对冻伤、颌面创伤防护装备进行检测。结果:1)护脸、护臂、护膝的导热系数均高于0.12 W/m·K,具有保温性能;水蒸气透过率分别为64.70 g/m^(3)·24 h、517.14 g/m^(3)·24 h和230.52 g/m^(3)·24 h;远红外发射率均低于0.88,远红外温升均高于1.4℃,具有远红外性能。2)头盔佩戴稳定性符合国家标准;顶部和侧向的冲击受力分别为323.0 N和1 646.5 N;侧向刚性为在430 N的负荷下,产生1.2 mm的最大形变,0.1 mm的残余形变;吸能性能方面,平砧试验和路缘石砧试验的峰值加速度均低于150 m/s^(2),符合国家标准。3)护颚的正面、侧面最大防护力分别为595 N和585 N,正面、侧面压缩变形分别为58.44 mm和57.86 mm;护齿的最大防护力为1 190 N,在50 mm/min的匀速穿刺下,最大防穿刺性为89 N。结论:所测样品可以对冰雪运动中的冻伤、颌面创伤进行有效预防,但目前国内已有的检测冰雪运动防护装备的相关标准不能满足防护装备检测的需要,应尽快完善;此外,运动员应结合自身实际情况选择合适的防护装备进行佩戴,有效避免各类创伤。
Objective: To explore the protection principle, protection degree, protection performance and shortcomings of the protective equipment for frostbite and maxillofacial injury in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. Methods: According to the national standard and related indexes, the protective equipment for frostbite and maxillofacial trauma were tested. Results: 1) The thermal conductivity of face guard, arm guard and knee guard were all higher than 0.12 W/m·K,showing thermal insulation performance. The water vapor transmittances were 64.70 g/m^(3)·24 h,517.14 g/m^(3)·24 h and 230.52 g/m^(3)·24 h, respectively. Far infrared emissivity is lower than 0.88,far infrared temperature rise is higher than 1.4 ℃, with far infrared performance. 2) Helmet wearing stability meets national standards. The top and side impact forces reach 323.0 N and 1 646.5 N respectively. The lateral rigidity is the maximum deformation of 1.2 mm and residual deformation of 0.1 mm under the load of 430 N. In terms of energy absorption performance, the peak accelerations of flat anvil test and kerb anvil test are both lower than 150 m/s^(2),which meets the national standard. 3) The maximum front and side protective forces of jaw protection were 595 N and 585 N, and the front and side compression deformation were 58.44 mm and 57.86 mm, respectively;the maximum protective force of the mouthguard is 1 190 N,and the maximum puncture resistance is 89 N under the uniform puncture speed of 50 mm/min. Conclusions: the tested samples can effectively prevent frostbite and maxillofacial injury in winter sports. Some existing standards can not meet the needs of the detection of equipment, so it should be improved as soon as possible. In addition, athletes should combine their own actual situation, choose appropriate protective equipment to wear, effectively avoid all kinds of trauma.
作者
王耀东
王侯杰
刘双
杜小兵
WANG Yaodong;WANG Houjie;LIU Shuang;DU Xiaobing(China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Peking University International Hospital,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期3-9,共7页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2019YFF0302400)。
关键词
科技冬奥
冰雪运动
冻伤
颌面创伤
防护装备
Science and technology in Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
ice and snow sports
frostbite
maxillofacial trauma
protective equipment
