摘要
塑料废物的跨境转移曾长期处于国际法规制的真空地带。2021年1月《巴塞尔公约》塑料废物修正案的正式生效意味着国际社会首次就塑料废物的跨境转移达成了有约束力的国际安排。该修正案的出台使绝大多数的塑料废物跨境转移有了国际规则的指导,并开始形成塑料废物规则的一般实践,有望扭转发展中国家一味地替代发达国家承受塑料废物跨境转移带来的环境负外部性现状。然而,《巴塞尔公约》最初在制度设计上的缺陷、塑料废物修正案关键术语的模糊、对发展中国家的合理政策考量的缺失以及非法跨境运输的上升趋势也将限制塑料废物修正案的实际效果。故此,未来《巴塞尔公约》塑料废物修正案的实施可从减少缔约方塑料废物的产生源头、将较为模糊的条款在国内层面执行、适当放宽发展中国家的出口标准和简化出口程序、采取必要手段遏制塑料废物的非法运输等方面予以改进。中国应把握这一历史机遇,尽早实现塑料废物修正案的国内法转化,尽快完善国内的塑料废物法律监管体系,加强塑料废物跨境转移规制中的区域合作以及增加在塑料废物跨境转移法律规制议题中的中国作为。
The transboundary movements of plastic waste have long been in the vacuum of international legal regulation. The official entry into force of the Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments in January 2021 means the international community has reached a binding international arrangement for the transboundary movements of plastic waste for the first time. The introduction of the Amendments enables the vast majority of transboundary movements of plastic waste under the guidance of international rules, and begins to form the general practice for plastic waste rules, which is expected to reverse the status quo in which developing countries are bent on replacing developed countries to bear the negative environmental externalities caused by transboundary movements of plastic waste. However, the initial flaws in the institutional design of the Basel Convention, the ambiguity of key terms in the Plastic Waste Amendments, the absence of preferential policies for developing countries, and the rising trend of illegal transboundary shipments will also limit the practical effects of the Plastic Waste Amendments. Therefore, the implementation of the Plastic Waste Amendments in the future can be improved by reducing the sources of plastic waste, enforcing the more vague provisions at the domestic level, appropriately relaxing export standards and simplifying export procedures for developing countries, and taking necessary measures to curb illegal transboundary shipments of plastic waste, etc.. China should seize this historical opportunity to transform the Plastic Waste Amendments into domestic law, improve the domestic legal supervision system of plastic waste, strengthen regional cooperation in the regulation of transboundary movements of plastic waste, and increase China’s role in the legal regulation of transboundary movements of plastic waste.
作者
王玫黎
陈悦
Wang Meili;Chen Yue
出处
《国际法研究》
CSSCI
2022年第2期98-112,共15页
Chinese Review of International Law
基金
2020年重庆市教委科技项目“陆海贸易新通道背景下货物多式联运法律保障体系研究”(KJZD-K202000302)
2020年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“无人船碰撞的法律问题研究”(CYB20136)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
巴塞尔公约
《巴塞尔公约》塑料废物修正案
跨境转移
事先知情同意程序
非法跨境运输
Basel Convention
Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments
Transboundary Movements
Prior Informed Consent Procedure
Illegal Transboundary Movements
