摘要
【目的】近几年美国加州不断爆发大规模森林火灾,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失,对当地生态环境产生严重破坏,引发世人关注。全面了解加州林火发生规律、发生特点和在管理策略上的应对,有助于对我国的森林火灾防控工作提供参考和启示。【方法】基于加州历年火灾报告,借助Sigmaplot 10.0和ArcGIS 10.2等软件,统计分析了2000—2019年加州森林火灾发生特点,包括火灾时空分布特征、火灾原因、火灾损失、消防财政投入等,同时对加州森林火灾频发的原因进行剖析,总结和梳理了当前加州林火管理策略存在的问题和不足。【结果】加州森林火灾次数呈波动下降趋势,火灾面积呈增加—降低—再增加的规律,近几年加州频繁爆发极端大火。加州森林火灾集中在夏秋季节,其中7月份火灾次数和火灾面积最为严重;14:00—16:00为加州林火多发时段;加州西北和西南县区火灾次数较多,其中大面积森林火灾集中在北部几个县区;人为活动是造成加州火灾的主要原因,且近年来人为纵火逐渐增多;为有效防控火灾,加州政府不断加大财政投入,相关支出越来越高。【结论】加州林火频发主要与当地地理环境和气候条件、森林结构和可燃物积累、野外城市界面火灾状况、野外用火文化和用火习惯等密切相关。在总结加州林火防控措施的基础上给出相应建议,以对我国林火管理工作的提升和完善提供参考和启示。
【Objective】In recent years,large-scale wildfires have been occurred in California,led to not only heavy casualties and property loss,but also serious damage of the local ecological environment,which has caused worldwide concern.A comprehensive understanding of the patterns,characteristics and management strategies of wildfires in California will provide reference and enlightenment for fire prevention and control in China.【Method】Sigmaplot 10.0 and ArcGIS 10.2 have been used to analyze wildfire data from 2000 to 2019 including temporal and spatial distribution,fire causes,fire damages,fire protection fiscal investment in fire fighting,and so on.At the same time,we analyzed the reasons for frequent occurrence,and summarized and sorted out the problems and deficiencies of the current wildfire management strategy in California.【Result】The number of wildfires shows a fluctuating downward trend,while the fire area shows an regular pattern of increasing-decreasing-increasing again.In recent years,extreme fires have occurred frequently in California.Wildfires are concentrated in summer and autumn,especially in July,in which the number and area of fires are the most and largest.14:00-16:00 is the most prone period for wildfire occurrence on a daily scale.More wildfires occurred in northwest and southwest counties,however large-scale wildfires concentrated in several northern counties.Human activities are the main causes for wildfires in California.It should be noted that arson has gradually increased in recent years.In order to effectively prevent and control fires,the California government has continued to increase financial investment,and related expenditures are getting higher and higher.【Conclusion】The frequent occurrence of wildfires in California are closely related to geographical environment and climate characteristics,forest structure and fuel accumulation,increasing fires in wildland-urban interface,fire culture and fire using habits in the field.This paper also gives suggestions on the basis of summarizing the wildfire prevention and control measures in California,and provides reference and enlightenment for the improvement of wildfire management in China.
作者
李伟克
舒立福
王明玉
赵凤君
李威
LI Weike;SHU Lifu;WANG Mingyu;ZHAO Fengjun;LI Wei(Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《陆地生态系统与保护学报》
2022年第1期31-42,共12页
Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC1511601)
国家自然科学基金(32071778)。
关键词
加州
森林火灾
时空分布
火灾管理
state of California
wildfire
spatial and temporal distribution
fire management
