摘要
100 m短跑是奥运会最具影响力的项目,深入研究世界短跑项目的训练进展与趋势对提升我国短跑科学化训练水平具有重要现实意义。在综述国内外相关研究成果的基础上,立足运动生物学和训练方法学的角度,从训练理念、负荷和方法等不同层面对世界及我国短跑项目进行深入分析。研究发现:以伸髋肌群和踝屈肌群为驱动力的用力模式是近年世界短跑训练的重点;增大ATP-PCr储量和提高无氧糖酵解供能速率是短跑运动员训练的2项主要任务;力量和爆发力训练是世界精英短跑运动员训练计划安排的重要部分;短跑的神经-肌肉动员和募集特征及其相应的能量代谢过程是负荷安排的关键。基于奥运备战的现实诉求,应全面了解和深入分析世界短跑训练的发展、现状及趋势,科学探索与认识短跑专项特征,从源头把握训练规律及方向;加强基础性研究,重点聚焦尚未解决与有争议的问题,形成具有中国特色的短跑科学化训练体系,助力我国短跑竞技实力的整体提升。
The 100 m sprint is the most influential event in the Olympic Games,and the in-depth study of the training progress and trend of world sprint events has important practical significance for improving the scientific training level of sprint in China.Based on the previous research,this study analyzed the training concepts,loads and methods in China and other countries through exercise physiology and training methodology.It is found that,firstly,the muscle power pattern driven by hip extensors and ankle flexors is the focus of sprint training in recent years;secondly,increasing ATP-PCr storage and anaerobic glycolysis energy supply rate are the two main tasks of sprint training;thirdly,strength and explosive power training is the important training part in elite sprinters;lastly,the neuro-muscle mobilization and recruitment characteristics of the sprint and the corresponding energy metabolism process are the key points for the arrangement of training load.Based on the practical demands of preparing for the Olympics,we should comprehensively and deeply understand the current development and trends of sprint training in the world,scientifically explore the special characteristics of sprint,and grasp the training rules and direction from the source.In addition,more basic research should be conducted on the unresolved and controversial issues,so as to establish the scientific sprint training system and improve athletics performance in China.
作者
郑雪峰
陈辉
苏炳添
宋庆全
束洋
陈小平
ZHENG Xuefeng;CHEN Hui;SU Bingtian;SONG Qingquan;SHU Yang;CHEN Xiaoping(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;School of sports and health management,Chongqing University of Education,Chongqing 400065,China;School of Strength and Conditioning,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Faculty of Physical Education,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Faculty of Physical Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期3-11,共9页
China Sport Science
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BTY099)。
关键词
100m短跑
专项特征
肌肉用力模式
能量代谢
训练负荷
100 m sprint
specific characteristics
muscle power pattern
energy metabolism
training load
