摘要
生物酶解技术是处理畜禽尸体、实现废弃蛋白质无害化、资源化利用的有效途径,但是生物酶制剂的处理效率和成本限制了该技术的发展和应用。采用厌氧角蛋白降解菌KD-1粗酶液以及商品化碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶酶解生猪肉,通过分析酶解产物的游离氨基酸含量及氨基酸组成、可溶性蛋白含量与氨氮含量等指标,系统评价各类生物酶的酶解特性与效率。结果显示,碱性蛋白酶作用下猪肉干物质的消耗量最高,干物质消耗率高达77.07%,但KD-1粗酶液作用下油脂的回收量更高。单位酶活的复合蛋白酶酶解1 g猪肉,游离氨基酸的产量为3.29±0.11μg·g^(-1)U^(-1),木瓜蛋白酶作用下可溶性蛋白的产量为4.32±0.13μg·g^(-1)U^(-1)。复合蛋白酶酶解1 kg猪肉的游离氨基酸产量高达81.79±4.36 g,KD-1粗酶液酶解1 kg猪肉的可溶性蛋白产量高达101.24±3.20 g,并且氨氮含量仅1.27±0.03 g。生产成本分析表明KD-1粗酶液酶解1 t猪肉的成本仅2011.82元,生产游离氨基酸的成本约为63.40元·kg^(-1),可溶性蛋白的成本约为19.89元·kg^(-1),相比商业化蛋白酶更低。故而利用角蛋白降解菌KD-1粗酶液酶解生猪肉,可获得较高的蛋白质产物,且酶解产物的生产成本更低,在回收利用畜禽尸体蛋白质资源技术的开发中具有潜在的应用价值。
Enzymatic hydrolysis technology is an effective way to treat livestock and poultry carcasses,realize harmless and resource utilization of waste protein.However,the efficiency and cost of enzymatic preparation limit the development and application of this technology.The crude enzyme of the anaerobic keratin-degrading bacteria KD-1,as well as commercial alkaline protease,neutral protease,compound protease and papain were used for enzymatic hydrolysis of raw pork.By analyzing the free amino acid content and composition,and the content of soluble protein and ammonia nitrogen of enzymolysis products,the enzymolysis characteristics and efficiency of various enzymes were systematically evaluated.The results showed that the dry matter consumption of pork was the highest under alkaline protease,and the rate reached 77.07%,while the pork fat recovery was higher under KD-1 crude enzyme.The yield of free amino acids per gram of raw pork was 3.29±0.11 μg·g^(-1)U^(-1)under the treatment of compound protease,and soluble protein was 4.32 ± 0.13 μg·g^(-1)U^(-1)under papain.The yield of free amino acid was up to 81.79 ± 4.36 g per kg of pork under compound protease.The yield of soluble protein was up to 101.24 ± 3.20 g per kg of pork under KD-1 crude enzyme,and the content of ammonia nitrogen was only 1.27 ± 0.03 g per kg of pork.Production cost analysis showed that the cost of the enzymatic hydrolysis of 1 ton of pork under KD-1 crude enzyme for was only 2011.82 yuan.The cost of producing free amino acids was about 63.40 yuan·kg^(-1),and the cost of soluble protein was about 19.89 yuan·kg^(-1),which was lower than that of commercial proteases.The crude enzyme of keratin-degrading bacteria KD-1 can be used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of raw pork to obtain higher protein products and lower production costs for enzymolysis products,which has potential application value in the technology development of protein resource recovery and utilization of livestock and poultry carcasses.
作者
吴伟东
马诗淳
陈锐
周广平
邓宇
WU Wei-dong;MA Shi-chun;CHEN Rui;ZHOU Guang-ping;DENG Yu(Biogas Institute of Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《中国沼气》
2022年第2期47-53,共7页
China Biogas
基金
四川省科技计划项目(重点研发项目)(2019YFN0152)
海南省重点研发计划(SQ2021XDNY0861)。
关键词
角蛋白降解菌
粗酶液
商业蛋白酶
酶解
猪肉
keratin degrading bacteria
crude enzyme
commercial protease
enzymolysis
pork
