摘要
The pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM),one major cause of heart failure,is characterized by the dilation of the heart but remains poorly understood because of the lack of adequate in vitro models.Current 2D models do not allow for the 3D organotypic organization of cardiomyocytes and do not reproduce the ECM perturbations.In this review,the different strategies to mimic the chemical,physical and topographical properties of the cardiac tissue affected by DCM are presented.The advantages and drawbacks of techniques generating anisotropy required for the cardiomyocytes alignment are discussed.In addition,the different methods creating macroporosity and favoring organotypic organization are compared.Besides,the advances in the induced pluripotent stem cells technology to generate cardiac cells from healthy or DCM patients will be described.Thanks to the biomaterial design,some features of the DCM extracellular matrix such as stiffness,porosity,topography or chemical changes can impact the cardiomyocytes function in vitro and increase their maturation.By mimicking the affected heart,both at the cellular and at the tissue level,3D models will enable a better understanding of the pathology and favor the discovery of novel therapies.
基金
This research was partly supported by Sorbonne Universite,CNRS,INSERM.Christophe Helary is supported by the AFM-Telethon(contract number:22142)
Onnik Agbulut and Pierre Joanne are supported by the AFM-Telethon(contract numbers:21833 and 22142)
the Federation Française de Cardiologie and by the Ile-de-France Region in the framework of Respore,theIle-de-France network of Excellence in Porous Solids.Marie Camman is supported by a Ph.D.fellowship from Sorbonne Universite.
