摘要
针对目前水稻氮肥用量过多,移栽密度逐步降低的问题,以株两优819为材料,设置N1~N3共3个施氮量水平(分别为0、120和150 kg/hm^(2))和M1~M3共3个密度水平(分别为13.3 cm×16.7 cm、13.3 cm×20.0 cm和16.7cm×20.0cm),研究了氮肥用量和移栽密度对水稻生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:1)增施氮肥能促进叶片叶绿素(SPAD)的提高,移栽密度对叶片叶绿素(SPAD)影响较小,在齐穗期—乳熟期N3处理的水稻叶绿素含量持续增加,而其他处理在齐穗期达到最大值:2)叶面积指数在一定程度上随施氮量和移栽密度增加而上升,N2处理在乳熟期叶面积指数迅速增长且高于其他处理;3)增施氮肥能够提高水稻叶片的净光合速率,而移栽密度对其净光合速率的影响不显著,生育前期N2处理的净光合速率高,而生育后期N3处理的净光合速率高;4)随着施氮量和移栽密度的增加,产量均呈现先增后减的趋势,肥密交互作用显著,N3M1与N2M2产量较高,水稻产量与有效穗数、穗粒数呈显著正相关,与千粒重之间相关不显著。因此,以施氮量为120 kg/hm^(2)、移栽密度13.3 cm×20.0 cm处理能使杂交早稻组合株两优819形成适宜的群体结构,最终获得较高的产量和较好的经济与生态效益。
Aiming at the problem that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer on rice is too much and the transplanting density decreases gradually, using Zhuliangyou 819 as the materials, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and transplanting density were studied on rice growth, development and yield under the treatments with three N levels(N1, N2, N3 at 0, 120, 150kg/hm^(2), respectively) and three density levels(M1, M2, M3 at 13.3 cm×16.7 cm, 13.3 cm×20.0 cm, 16.7 cm×20.0 cm,respectively). The results showed that: 1) Increasing nitrogen fertilizer promoted the increase of leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD), but the effect of transplanting density on SPAD was small. SPAD in N3 treatment kept increasing from the full heading stage to the milk-ripe stage, while SPAD in the other treatments reached the maximum at the full heading stage;2) The leaf area index(LAI) increased with the increase of nitrogen application and transplanting density to a certain extent, the LAI of N2 treatment increased rapidly at the milk-ripe stage and was higher than that of the other treatments;3) Increasing nitrogen fertilizer increased the net photosynthetic rate of rice leaves, but the effect of transplanting density on net photosynthetic rate was not significant, the net photosynthetic rate of N2 treatment was high in the early growth stage, but that of N3 treatment was high in the late growth stage;4) With the increase of nitrogen application rate and transplanting density, the yield increased first and then decreased, the interaction between fertilizer and density was significant, N3M1 and N2M2 had a higher yield, the yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle, but not with 1 000-grain weight. It is concluded that the optimal nitrogen rate and transplanting density for early hybrid rice Zhuliangyou 819 is 120 kg/hm^(2)and 13.3 cm×20.0 cm, which can help establishing a good population structure and achieve a higher final yield as well as a higher economic and ecologic benefits.
作者
石爱龙
祝海竣
唐舟
何小娥
文天
文璨
王学华
SHIAi-long;ZHUHai-jun;TANG Zhou;HEXiao-e;WENTian;WEN Can;WANG Xue-hua(Agricultural College/Southern Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)
出处
《杂交水稻》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期109-117,共9页
Hybrid Rice
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301501)
“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301005)。
关键词
水稻
施氮量
移栽密度
光合特性
产量
rice
nitrogen application rate
transplanting density
photosynthetic characteristic
yield
