摘要
在回应消费公益诉讼原告能否主张惩罚性赔偿请求这一问题时,持肯定态度的"多数派"学者认为,消费公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿不仅可从既有规范体系中觅得请求权基础,而且具有功能层面的合目的性。然而,从文义解释角度来看,在基于既有规范要素排列组合而构造的"复合型请求权基础"体系中,除"‘二要素’请求权基础+参引性规范"可作为食品安全类案件中惩罚性赔偿的规范依据外,其余"二要素"和"三要素"请求权基础均不宜采用;从目的解释角度来看,尽管惩罚性赔偿与消费公益诉讼均以实现威慑功能为目的,但在体系化威慑功能的背景下,规范融合并非实现最优威慑功能的必要条件,相反还可衍生过度威慑或淡化规制工具威慑效果与权威的消极后果。虽然解释论研究结论表明,保持两种规范的既有制度安排乃是较为合理的选择,但通过诉讼请求的扩张、结案方式的探索和胜诉裁判信息传递机制的构建等路径,助推制度间的互动与反哺,仍然十分必要。
In response to the issue whether the plaintiff in consumer public interest litigation can claim punitive damages,the majority with a positive attitude believe that the punitive damages in consumer public interest litigation can not only obtain the basis of claim right from the existing normative system,but also have the functional purposiveness. From the perspective of direct interpretation however,what can be used as the basis of punitive damages in food safety cases is that of two elements plus referential norms,in the system of composite basis of claim right constructed on the permutation and combination of existing norms,and the rest of the two-element and the three-element claims are inappropriate. And from the perspective of purposive interpretation,the integration of norms is not an essential condition to achieve the optimal deterrence in the context of systemic deterrence although punitive damages and consumer public interest litigation both aim to function as deterrence. On the contrary,it can generate negative consequences of excessive deterrence or dilution of deterrence effect and authority of regulatory instruments. Although it is made clear in the conclusion of the interpretative theory research that it is more reasonable a choice to maintain the existing institutional arrangements of the two norms,it is still necessary to boost the interaction and regurgitation-feeding between the institutions through the expansion of litigation claims,the exploration of the way to settle cases,and the construction of the information transmission mechanism of the winning decisions.
出处
《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期119-136,160,共19页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18BFX069)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2016SJB820020)。
