摘要
中国少数民族在中华大一统过程中发挥的作用有目共睹,但是少数民族对于大一统思想的贡献却很少有人深入探讨。实际上,在大一统思想发展的不同阶段,少数民族都做出了重要贡献。从魏晋南北朝到辽朝,少数民族在大一统的“共祖异族”理论框架下,以炎黄血脉认同为共识,创建了一个个局部统一的多民族政权;在金、元、清三朝,少数民族则在“我本中国”的理论框架下,以国家认同为共识,建立了统一(或局部统一)的多民族国家。这其中,以北魏为代表的北方少数民族在魏晋南北朝时期创造性地践行了“脱夷统华”理论;在后唐、后晋、后汉三朝,沙陀人凭借“政治正统”完成正统建构;契丹人更是在“脱夷统华”理论中增添了“北极之下为中国”的内容,扩大了“中国”的内涵。金朝建立后,多民族的中国观被创建出来,中国大一统思想开始进入“我本中国”的理论进程。元、清两朝都是这一理论的成功实践者。这些思想的积极影响,最终铸成了各民族共创中华的共识。
It is obvious to all that Chinese ethnic minorities have played the role in the process of unification of China.However,the contribution of ethnic minorities to the thought of grand unification is rarely discussed in depth.In fact,ethnic minorities have made outstanding contributions in different stages of the development of the grant unification thought.From the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Liao Dynasty,under the unified theoretical framework of"common ancestors and different ethnic group,"ethnic minorities have established many multi-ethnic regimes with partial unity based on the consensus of the Yan and Huang炎黄bloodlines.In the Jin,Yuan,and Qing dynasties,ethnic minorities established unified(or partially unified)multi-ethnic states under the theoretical framework of"wo ben zhongguo我本中国"(literally,should-be-centralcountry),taking identity for the country as the consensus.Among them,the northern minorities represented by the Northern Wei Dynasty creatively practiced the theory of"tuo yi tong hua脱夷统华"(literally,becoming the no-Yi for ruling the Hua).In the Later Tang Dynasty,the Later Jin Dynasty and the Later Han Dynasty,the Shatuo people completed"tuo yi tong hua"by virtue of political orthodoxy.Khitan put forward the idea of"below the Arctic is Central Kingdom,"and extended China’s boundary to the north of the Great Wall.After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty,a view of multi-ethnic China was created,and the idea of China’s grand unification began to enter the theoretical process of"wo ben zhongguo,"and all ethnic groups have the orthodox rights of grand unification.The Yuan and the Qing dynasties were successful practitioners of this theory.The effect of these thoughts eventually forged the consensus that all ethnic groups created China together.
作者
武沐
冉诗泽
Wu Mu;Ran Shize
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期110-125,M0004,M0005,共18页
Ethno-National Studies
基金
教育部基地重大项目“西北少数民族社会发展与治理创新的向心运动研究”(项目编号:16JJD850003)子项目的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
中华民族共同体
大一统思想
少数民族
community for the Chinese nation
concepts of grand unification of China
ethnic minorities
