摘要
河南省受季风气候及地形影响,降水时空分布极不均匀,暴雨洪涝灾害频繁发生。卫星遥感技术具有时空分辨率高、扫描范围广等优点,能够及时获取地表水体信息,其中星基合成孔径雷达(SAR)是目前洪涝灾害水体监测的重要技术手段之一。2021年7月1722日,郑州遭遇了持续性强降雨,其中20日小时最大降水量为201.9 mm。为确定洪涝灾害的位置和范围,利用高分三号卫星SAR数据,对郑州及豫北地区“21·7”暴雨洪涝灾害进行应急监测。监测显示,郑州市及周边区域洪涝水体主要分布于贾鲁河流域,淹没面积约95 km^(2),其中淹没耕地面积约66 km^(2),淹没城乡、工矿和居民用地面积约28 km^(2);新乡市及其周边地区洪涝水体主要分布于卫河流域,淹没面积约121 km^(2),其中淹没耕地面积约112 km^(2),城乡、工矿和居民用地受灾面积约6 km^(2)。结果表明,利用高分三号卫星合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据能够全天候、全天时开展洪涝监测,迅速确定灾害发生的地理位置和淹没范围,具有较好的灾害应急监测能力,可有效提高洪涝灾害监测与评估的精度,为大城市洪涝灾害防灾减灾提供更科学准确的决策依据。
Due to the influence of monsoon and topography,the spatial-temporal distribution of rainfall is uneven,and the severe rainstorm and flood disasters occur frequently in Henan Province.With high spatial-temporal resolution,wide scanning range and rapid identification of water body,the satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)is one of important tools for flood disaster monitoring.During 1722 July,2021,Zhengzhou suffered from a persistent extreme rainstorm process,during which the maximum hourly precipitation on the 20th reached 201.9 mm.To determine the location and scope of the flood disaster,the emergency monitoring of the July 2021 extreme rainstorm and flood disaster in Zhengzhou and northern Henan was carried out based on the SAR data of GF-3 satellite.The monitoring result suggests that the flood inundation areas are mainly around the Jialu river in Zhengzhou city,with the area of 95 km^(2) inundated,including farmland of 66 km^(2) and urban and rural,industrial and mining,and residential land area of 28 km^(2).The flood water in Xinxiang city and its surrounding areas is mainly distributed in Weihe River Basin,covering an area of about 121 km^(2),including about 112 km^(2) of cultivated land and about 6 km^(2) of urban and rural,industrial and residential land.The application results indicate that GF-3 satellite SAR data can be applicable for all weather conditions and times to determine the location of flood disaster and the extent of inundation rapidly in that it has good disaster emergency monitoring capability,being able to effectively improve the accuracy of flood disaster monitoring and assessment,and also provide more scientific decision-making basis for flood disaster prevention and mitigation in big cities.
作者
郭鹏
耿维成
张翠萍
Guo Peng;Geng Weicheng;Zhang Cuiping(CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Zhengzhou Meteorological Office,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2022年第2期86-92,共7页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
基金
河南省气象局科技项目“基于FY-3卫星的黄河流域干旱遥感监测技术研究”(Z201509)。
