摘要
Objectives:This study aimed to explore the level of stress,types of stressors,type of coping styles,and factors influencing stress levels and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum.Methods:A cross-sectional survey design was used.In September 2017,participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province,China,using a convenience sampling method.A demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Intern Nursing Student Stressor Scale,and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire were used to collect data.Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,independent sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and multiple linear regres-sion analysis.Results:A total of 158 nursing students were recruited,most of whom were female,undergraduates,and from rural areas.The nursing students perceived a moderate level of stress during the initial period of the clinical practicum.The need for knowledge and skills was the most common source of stress.Positive coping styles were most commonly adopted.Nursing students who were undergraduates,only children,and chose nursing major involuntarily experienced higher stress levels than those who were junior college students,not only children,and chose nursing major voluntarily.Nursing undergraduates were more likely to use positive coping styles than junior college students.Male nursing students and those experiencing higher stress levels related to the“environment and equipment of the wards”and the“nature and content of the work”were more likely to use negative coping styles.Conclusion:Nursing educators should offer targeted guidance based on the stress reported during the clinical practicum and the demographic characteristics of the nursing students.Guidance should be provided to encourage nursing students to adopt effective coping strategies and reduce stress.
目的本研究旨在探讨护生在临床实习初期的压力水平、压力源类型和应对方式,以及影响压力和应对方式的因素。方法本研究为横断面调查,采用便利抽样法于2017年9月从中国浙江省某三级甲等医院招募参与者。采用人口学特征问卷、实习护生压力源量表、简易应对方式问卷收集资料。使用描述性分析、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关系数检验和多元线性回归分析进行数据分析。结果共调查158名护生,以女生、本科生和农村学生居多。护生在临床实习初期的压力处于为中等程度。对知识和技能的需求是护生最常见的压力源。积极应对方式最常被采取。本科生、独生子女、非自愿选择护理专业的护生比大专生、非独生子女、自愿选择护理的护生感受的压力更大。本科生比大专生更倾向于采用积极应对方式。在“病房环境和设备”“工作性质和内容”方面压力较大的护生以及男生更可能使用消极应对策略。结论护理教育工作者应根据护生在临床实习过程中所报告的压力评分及人口学特征,有针对性地给予指导,鼓励护生采取有效的应对策略以减轻压力。
基金
supported by Wenzhou Medical University School-level Educational Reform Project(No.YBJG2019006).
