摘要
镁是植物生长必需的大量元素,但长期以来忽视施用镁肥的现象在中国和世界其他国家的农业生产中普遍存在。2016年9月由德国钾盐集团与福建农林大学合作共建了国际镁营养研究所,进行植物镁营养基础研究;并在2017年建立了全国镁营养研究协作网,在全国连续开展施肥量调查、土壤取样以及大面积的镁肥田间试验和推广示范。1)调研结果显示,作物尤其是蔬菜果树等经济作物生产中的氮磷钾肥投入量过高,但是大部分农户在生产中没有施用镁肥。在仅有少数施用镁肥的农户中,镁肥平均用量不足磷肥用量的10%。2)我国土壤交换性镁浓度平均为160.5 mg·kg^(-1),南、北方平均值分别为94.3、393.0 mg·kg^(-1)。我国45.3%的土壤严重缺镁(<60 mg·kg^(-1)),18.3%的处于土壤缺乏(60~120 mg·kg^(-1))水平,16.4%的土壤处于适宜(120~240 mg·kg^(-1))水平,12.9%的土壤处于偏高(240~480 mg·kg^(-1))水平,处于丰富(480~720 mg·kg^(-1))和极丰富(>720 mg·kg^(-1))的比例仅有4.0%和3.0%。3)优化氮磷钾施肥量不减产,还会增产;在优化氮磷钾投入基础上施用镁肥能够进一步增产,平均达到7.8%(n=110),同时还能提高品质。施镁不仅在南方缺镁地区的增产提质效果明显,在土壤交换性镁浓度较高的北方地区也有很好的效果。总之,我国超过63%的土壤缺镁或严重缺镁(<120 mg·kg^(-1)),但生产中普遍忽视镁肥的施用。施用镁肥能够增产,且对水果蔬菜等经济作物的增产幅度大于粮食作物,还能提高不同经济作物的外在和内在品质,说明在我国农业生产中增施镁肥的必要性和紧迫性。
Magnesium is an essential element for plant growth,but it has been neglected for a long time in the agricultural production of China and other countries.In September 2016,the International Magnesium Institute was jointly established by German K+S Group and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University to conduct the fundamental research on plant magnesium nutrition.In 2017,the National Magnesium Network was founded to work intensively throughout the country,including the fertilizer application survey,soil sampling,field experiments and popularization demonstration of magnesium fertilizers on improving yield and quality of crops to farmers.1)The results of the national survey showed that the amounts of the applied nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for crops,especially for fruit trees and vegetables,were too high.In contrast,most farmers did not apply magnesium fertilizer in production.For a few farmers who applied Mg fertilizer,the average input of magnesium fertilizer were less than 10%of the application of phosphorus fertilizer.2)The average soil exchangeable magnesium concentration in China was 160.5 mg·kg^(-1),and the average concentration in the South and the North of China was 94.3 and 393.0 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.In China,45.3%of the soil was seriously deficient in magnesium(<60 mg·kg^(-1)),18.3%of the soil was magnesium deficiency(60~120 mg·kg^(-1)),16.4%of the soil was sufficient in magnesium(120~240 mg·kg^(-1)),12.9%of the soil was in the high level(240~480 mg·kg^(-1)),and the proportions of the soil with rich(480~720 mg·kg^(-1))and extremely rich(>720 mg·kg^(-1))in magnesium concentration were only 4.0%and 3.0%,respectively.3)Optimizing the input of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers did not reduce production,but increased.On the basis of optimizing the input of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,magnesium fertilizer could increase the crop yield further,by 7.8%(n=110)on average,and also improve the quality.The effect of magnesium application was not only obvious in the southern magnesium deficient areas,but also in the northern areas where the soil exchangeable magnesium concentration was relatively high.In conclusion,more than 63%of the soil is deficient or seriously deficient in magnesium(<120 mg·kg^(-1))in China,but the application of magnesium fertilizer is generally ignored in production.The application of magnesium fertilizer can increase the yield of fruits,vegetables and other economic crops more effectively than cereal crops.It also improved the external and internal quality of different economic crops.Therefore,it is necessary and urgent to increase the application of magnesium fertilizer in agricultural production in China.
作者
李春俭
王正
张福锁
LI Chun-jian;WANG Zheng;ZHANG Fu-suo(College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;The International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou Fujian 350002)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期1-6,共6页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
关键词
土壤交换性镁
镁肥
果树与蔬菜
产量与品质
soil exchangeable magnesium concentration
magnesium fertilizer
fruit trees and vegetables
yield and quality
