摘要
随着科举制度的发展,作为贡举人名单的贡籍在唐代产生,但它成为一件科举档案则始于宋代,主要记载贡举人的个人资料与考试情况,是贡举人地位得到提升的反映。为了更好地管理和安抚贡举人,宋代政府编制贡籍,并在此基础上叙理举数,推行免解和特奏名制度,同时殿举、除名等惩罚之制以及贡举人经济、法律等特权的获得亦依托于贡籍。但在明清时代,随着“科举必由学校”逐渐成为现实,政府加强对基层士人的管理,贡籍进一步下移,学籍得到扩展,政府所掌握档案由得解举人扩展为广大生员。这一定程度上削弱了举人贡籍的独立性,但礼部仍然通过贡籍的替代品保留对举人的有效管辖。
Gong registry,which is a list of provincial graduates,was created in the Tang Dynasty with the development of the imperial examination system.However,it became an archive of the imperial examination in the Song Dynasty,which mainly recorded the personal information and examinations of provincial graduates.It was a reflection of the elevated status of the group of provincial graduates.In order to better manage and appease the group of provincial graduates,the government of the Song Dynasty compiled the list of provincial graduates.And on basis of this,the Song Dynasty government also recorded the number of passing the regional examination,and established a system of exemption from the regional and national examination.At the same time,the system of punishments such as disqualification temporarily or permanently and the reward mechanism such as economic and legal privileges relied on the Gong registry.But in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the imperial examinations must be by the school,the government to strengthen the management of low;level scholars.So Gong registry further moved down and the school registry expanded.The government held the archives range of sources expanding from provincial graduates to the majority of students.This somewhat weakened the independence of Gong registry,but the Ministry of Rites still retained effective management over provincial graduates through the archives.
作者
陈锴
CHEN Kai(School of History and Culture,Shandong University,Jinan 250100)
出处
《档案学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期128-134,共7页
Archives Science Study
关键词
贡籍
学籍
科举档案
举人
Gong registry
school registry
the imperial examination archives
provincial graduates
