摘要
人们对无障碍的认识,伴随着对残疾人认识的深入而深入。随着国际社会对残疾人的认知观念从医疗模式转变为社会模式,无障碍的内涵也经历了从恩惠到权利的演进。目前无障碍已成为国际社会公认的一项重要权利,其对残疾人其他基本权利保障至关重要,是残疾人独立生活、充分平等地参与社会的前提。长期以来,我国残疾人相关的法律规范主要停留在消极保障上,对残疾人平等融入和社会参与缺乏想象。法理上,我国《残疾人保障法》中的无障碍条款,凸显的是国家和社会的积极义务,并未明确赋予残疾者个人享有具体的无障碍权利。在我国的司法实践中,当国家和社会未积极履行相关的义务时,残疾者个人难以通过司法的管道来请求义务主体履行无障碍建设与完善的义务,从而使得残疾人在社会中的障碍与歧视难以获得实质性改变。在我国社会对残疾人的认识仍主要停留在医疗模式、《残疾人保障法》中无障碍条款法律效力相对比较空泛的情况下,有必要深入探讨联合国《残疾人权利公约》对残疾人无障碍权的具体规定及其司法实践经验,从请求权及其可司法性的视角来推动我国残疾人无障碍权的充分实现。这不仅是落实联合国《残疾人权利公约》需要,也能为完善我国《残疾人保障法》及其相关法律法规提供有益的指导。
People's understanding of accessibility is accompanied by the in-depth understanding of persons with disabilities.With the transformation of the international community's cognitive concept of persons with disabilities from the medical model to the social model,the connotation of accessibility has also experienced an evolution from grace to rights.At present,accessibility has become an important right recognized by the international community,which is very important for the protection of other basic rights of persons with disabilities,and which is the premise for persons with disabilities to live independently and participate in society fully and equally.For a long time,legal norms related to people with disabilities in China have mainly stayed on the negative guarantee,and lacked imagination on the equal integration and social participation of persons with disabilities.Legally,the accessibility clause in China's law on the protection of persons with disabilities highlights the positive obligations of the state and the society,while does not explicitly give individuals with disabilities specific accessibility rights.In judicial practice,when the state and the society do not actively perform relevant obligations,it is difficult for individuals with disabilities to request the subject of obligations to perform the obligation of barrier free construction and improvement through judicial channels,which makes it difficult to eliminate the obstacles and discrimination of persons with disabilities in our society.Under the situation that the understanding of China's society on persons with disabilities is still mainly based on the medical model and the legal effect of the accessibility provisions in the law on the protection of persons with disabilities is relatively vague,it is necessary to deeply explore the specific provisions of the United Nations Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities on the accessibility of persons with disabilities and its judicial practice experience,from the perspective of right of claim and its justiciability to promote the full realization of the barrier free right of persons with disabilities in China.This is not only the need to implement the United Nations Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities,but also provides useful guidance for improving China's laws on the protection of persons with disabilities and its relevant regulations.
出处
《深圳社会科学》
2022年第3期104-115,共12页
Social Sciences in Shenzhen
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“构建更加公正合理的全球人权治理体系研究”(20AZD104)。
关键词
无障碍权
残疾人保障法
残疾人权利公约
司法实现
平等权
right to accessibility
Chinese Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
judicial realization
right of equality
