摘要
研究施用氮锌肥下夏玉米植株干物质、氮锌元素累积和分配的变化,为锌肥的合理利用及肥料配施提供理论依据。采用再裂区设计,主因素为90,180,225 kg/hm^(2)3个施氮水平,副因素为0,4.5 kg/hm^(2) ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 2个喷锌处理,副副因素为郑单958和谷神玉662个玉米品种,大田条件下研究施用氮锌肥对不同玉米品种籽粒产量、植株干物质累积动态和各器官氮锌元素吸收、累积、分配的影响。结果表明,施氮量为180,225 kg/hm^(2)下夏玉米籽粒产量分别达9.77,10.42 t/hm^(2),较90 kg/hm^(2)处理平均增加18.0%;吐丝后以施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)下干物质量较高,成熟期以90 kg/hm^(2)处理的穗轴和籽粒干物质量分配比例较高。成熟期施氮量225 kg/hm^(2)处理各器官中氮含量、茎中锌含量以及叶和籽粒氮、锌累积量均表现出优势,而90 kg/hm^(2)处理下鞘、苞叶、籽粒锌含量和籽粒氮、锌分配比例均较高。施锌处理对籽粒产量和干物质累积分配无显著影响,与不施锌相比,施锌显著提高了各器官中氮、锌含量和累积量,但分别降低籽粒中氮、锌分配比例6.93,6.86百分点。郑单958籽粒产量和干物质占比较谷神玉66高,成熟期植株干物质量高出29.2%。郑单958籽粒氮、锌含量分别较谷神玉66低8.9%和5.3%,但籽粒累积量和分配比例均高于谷神玉66。相关分析表明,玉米籽粒产量和茎、叶、籽粒中氮含量呈显著正相关,叶片锌含量与鞘、籽粒氮含量也呈显著或极显著正相关,穗轴中锌含量与茎、穗轴和苞叶氮含量相关性达显著或极显著水平。因此,施用氮锌肥可以明显提高夏玉米产量和干物质累积量,促进植株各器官尤其是籽粒对氮、锌的吸收和累积,但同时降低籽粒中氮锌的分配比例。
This study investigated the accumulation and distribution of dry matter,nitrogen(N)and zinc(Zn)of summer maize under N and Zn fertilization,to provide a basis for reasonable application of zinc fertilizer and combined fertilization.Split-split design was used with three N rates(90,180,225 kg/ha N)as the main factor,two Zn rates(0,4.5 kg/ha ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)as the second factor,two varieties(ZD958 and GSY66)as the third factor.The effect of N and Zn application on the grain yield,dry matter accumulation dynamic and N and Zn absorption,accumulation and distribution of each organ of different maize varieties by field experiment.The results showed that the grain yield achieved 9.77,10.42 t/ha under the N rates of 180,225 kg/ha,respectively,increased by 18.0%compared with 90 kg/ha.The treatment of 225 kg/ha N had the highest plant dry matter accumulation after silking,while the treatment of 90 kg/ha had higher ratio of cob and grain dry matter at the mature stage.Highest N concentration in each organ,Zn concentration in the stem and N and Zn accumulation in the leaf and grain were obtained in the treatment of 225 kg/ha,while highest Zn concentration in the sheath,bract and grain and ratio of grain N and Zn were found in the treatment of 90 kg/ha.No effect was found in the grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution under two Zn treatments.Zn application significantly increased N and Zn concentration and accumulation but decreased distribution ratio of grain N and Zn by 6.93,6.86 percentage points,respectively.Relative to GSY66,ZD958 had higher grain yield and dry matter ratio,and increased dry matter by 29.2%at maturity.Besides this,ZD958 decreased grain N and Zn concentration by 8.9%and 5.3%,respectively,but improved grain accumulation and distribution ratio.Correlation analysis showed that grain yield and N concentration in the stem,leaf and grain were significantly positively correlated.There was also a significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between Zn concentration in the leaf and N concentration in the sheath and grain,between Zn concentration in the cob and N concentration in the sheath,cob and bract.These results suggested that combination of N and Zn fertilizers could increase yield and plant dry matter accumulation,enhance the N and Zn absorption and accumulation in each organ especially grain,but decrease distribution ratio of N and Zn in the grain.
作者
张盼盼
邵运辉
刘京宝
乔江方
李川
张美微
赵霞
黄璐
ZHANG Panpan;SHAO Yunhui;LIU Jingbao;QIAO Jiangfang;LI Chuan;ZHANG Meiwei;ZHAO Xia;HUANG Lu(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期96-103,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
河南省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(202300410526)
河南省农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(2021ZC12)。
关键词
夏玉米
氮锌施用
产量
干物质
累积分配
Summer maize
Combination of N and Zn fertilizers
Yield
Dry matter
Accumulation and distribution
