摘要
为探索露地结球生菜轻简高效的养分管理措施,选择京郊生菜种植园区,设置不施氮对照(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、常规减肥(-20%CF)和控释掺混肥(-20%CU)4个处理,研究了控释掺混肥一次性减量施肥对结球生菜产量、品质、叶片生理特征、养分吸收、土壤硝态氮残留的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,在氮、磷、钾肥减量20%的情况下,控释掺混肥处理的结球生菜总产量和经济产量分别提高2.32%和3.28%,硝酸盐含量显著降低29.98%。在结球生菜生长期内,控释掺混肥处理在不同生育期(苗期、莲座期、结球中期和收获期)的结球生菜叶片叶绿素含量和氮代谢酶活性(谷氨酸合成酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酸合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶)与常规施肥差异不大,在结球生菜收获后,所有处理在0~100 cm土体内的残留硝酸盐含量总体不高,相对来说,控释掺混肥处理有一定的硝酸盐淋洗风险。综上所述,控释掺混肥一次性减量施肥在稳定结球生菜产量的前提下,可显著提升生菜品质,在规模化结球生菜生产中具有较大的应用价值。
In order to explore a simple and efficient nutrient management method for open field head lettuce production,a field experiment was carried out in lettuce planting park of Beijing suburb.No nitrogen(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),conventional fertilization with 20%rate reduction of N,P and K(-20%CF),as well as controlled release blended fertilizer with 20%rate reduction of N,P and K(-20%CU)were included in this experiment.The effects of single basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer on yield,quality,nutrient absorption,physiological characteristics of leaves,and soil nitrate nitrogen residue were investigated.The results showed that compared to CF,the total yield and economic yield of lettuce of-20%CU were increased by 2.32%and 3.28%,respectively;nitrate content of lettuce was significantly decreased by 29.98%.During the growth period of heading lettuce,the chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities(glutamate synthase,nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase,glutamate synthase,glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthase)of the leaves of heading lettuce treated with controlled release blended fertilizer at different growth stages(seedling stage,rosette stage,middle heading stage and harvest stage)were not different from those of conventional fertilization.At harvest,the residual nitrate content in 0-100 cm soil of all treatments was generally not high,but the treatment of controlled-release blended fertilizer had a certain risk of nitrate leaching.In conclusion,single basal application of controlled release blended fertilizer with application rate reduction can significantly improve the quality of lettuce,the premise of stabilizing the yield of head lettuce.It has great prospective in large-scale production of head lettuce.
作者
曹兵
王学霞
倪小会
陈延华
文方芳
刘自飞
张梦佳
左强
邹国元
张雪莲
CAO Bing;WANG Xuexia;NI Xiaohui;CHEN Yanhua;WEN Fangfang;LIU Zifei;ZHANG Mengjia;ZUO Qiang;ZOU Guoyuan;ZHANG Xuelian(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow,Controlled-Release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Extension Service Station,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期104-111,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ201907)
北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20190302)
北京市农林科学院创新平台建设(PT2021-16)
北京市农林科学院财政追加项目(CZZJ202208)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07102-001)。
关键词
结球生菜
控释掺混肥
氮肥利用率
生理特征
Head lettuce
Controlled release blended fertilizer
Nitrogen utility efficiency
Physiological characteristics
