摘要
在强调乡村振兴和城乡融合发展的背景下,农村居民群体身份逐渐复杂化、农民对住房权益的需求也呈现多样化。从农民的视角重新审视当前的制度规定,是确定宅基地制度改革的目标和方向需要研究的迫切问题。本文基于农民住房权益视角,结合相对剥夺理论和需求层次理论,以2015年以来全国宅基地制度改革试点地区为例,分析当前宅基地和住房制度产生的问题,解析农民住房权益残缺的理论影响,探讨上一轮改革在农民住房权益保护层面的经验和瓶颈,提出深化农村宅基地和住房制度改革的目标和建议。研究表明,现有的宅基地和住房制度存在资源分配不均、制度结构封闭、忽视农民财产权益等问题,无法满足日益多元的农民住房权益诉求,成为乡村振兴和城乡融合发展的桎梏。上一轮改革虽取得了一些成效,但尚未充分实现非集体经济组织成员的住房权益,农村住房和住宅用地市场关系还有待理顺,城乡居民住房权益差距仍然较大。因此,未来农村宅基地和住房制度改革应因地制宜保障农村集体成员的基本居住权益,适当兼顾部分非集体成员的居住权益,有次序地实现农民住房财产权益,从而实现提高宅基地资源配置效率的近期目标和助力城乡融合、乡村振兴的长期目标。
Rural residents’structure and housing demands have become increasingly complicated in the context of emphasizing rural revitalization and urban-rural integration.There is an urgent need to re-examine the current institutional regulations from farmer’s perspective to identify the goal and direction of homestead system reform.Combined with the relative deprivation theory and the hierarchical theory of needs,this research takes the pilot areas of the Chinese homestead system reform as examples to examine the issues and theoretical impact of the current system,discusses the experience and bottleneck of the previous round of reform,and provides some suggestions for deepening the rural homestead and housing system reform.Results show that the existing rural homestead and housing system has several flaws,including unequal resource distribution,a closed institutional structure,and the ignorance of farmers’housing rights.It fails to meet farmers’increasingly diverse housing rights,thus becoming a stumbling block to rural revitalization and urban-rural integration.Some progress has been made in the previous round of reform.However,housing rights for non-collective members of rural economic organizations have not been fully realized.The relationship between rural housing and residential land markets still needs to be clarified,and the gap between urban and rural housing rights remains significant.In the future,the homestead and housing system reform should protect the fundamental residential rights of rural collective members based on local conditions,take into account the residential rights of some non-collective members,and adequately realize farmers’housing property rights.In this way,the shortterm goal of improving the efficiency of homestead resource allocation and the long-term goal of promoting urban-rural integration and rural revitalization can be achieved.
作者
吕萍
林馨
LüPing;LIN Xin(School of Public Administration and Policy,and Housing Development Research Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期221-230,共10页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18VSJ097)
国家自然科学基金项目(71673285)。
