摘要
目的了解北京市社区老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒风险水平,并分析跌倒风险的影响因素。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法,于2021年4—9月选取北京市1所社区卫生服务中心及下属5个社区卫生服务站的138例社区老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用老年跌倒风险自评量表测量、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、中文版Tilburg衰弱量表、Berg平衡功能量表、老年抑郁量表对患者进行调查。采用Spearman相关分析探讨老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒风险与睡眠质量、衰弱和抑郁状况的相关性,采用多重线性回归分析探讨患者跌倒风险的影响因素。本研究共发放问卷138份,收回有效问卷126份,有效回收率为91.30%。结果126例社区老年2型糖尿病患者中有跌倒风险的老年人占57.14%(72/126)。单因素分析显示,不同性别、是否有并发症、直立性低血压、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、近1年是否跌倒的老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒风险得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);相关分析显示,睡眠质量、衰弱程度和抑郁得分与跌倒风险呈正相关(P<0.05),平衡能力与跌倒风险呈负相关(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,性别、婚姻状况、近1年是否跌倒、睡眠质量、衰弱程度、平衡能力、居住方式是社区老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒风险的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论社区老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒发生率较高;女性、独居、离异或丧偶、平衡能力较差、睡眠质量较差、存在衰弱以及近1年内发生过跌倒史是患者跌倒风险的危险因素。提示社区护理人员应高度关注具有高跌倒风险的老年2型糖尿病患者,加强对高危人群及其家属的教育,减少居家糖尿病老年人跌倒风险。
Objective To understand the fall risk level of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in Beijing community and analyze the influencing factors of fall risk.Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey.Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 138 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes from 1 community health service center and 5 subordinate community health service stations in Beijing from April to September 2021 were selected as the research objects.The patients were surveyed using Self-rating Fall Risk Scale in the Elderly,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),the Chinese version of Tilburg Frailty Scale,Berg Balance Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation of fall risk with sleep quality,frailty and depression in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes,and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of fall risk.A total of 138 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 126 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 91.30%.Results Among the 126 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the community,57.14%(72/126)were at risk of falling.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the fall risk scores of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes with different genders,whether there were complications,orthostatic hypotension,per capita monthly household income,marital status,and whether they fell in the past 1 year(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that sleep quality,frailty and depression scores were positively correlated with the risk of falling(P<0.05),and balance ability was negatively correlated with the risk of falling(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,marital status,falling in the past 1 year,sleep quality,degree of frailty,balance ability,and living style were the influencing factors for the risk of falls in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the community(P<0.05).Conclusions Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the community have a higher incidence of falls.Being female,living alone,divorced or widowed,poor balance,poor sleep quality,fattening and a history of falls within the past 1 year were risk factors for falls.It is suggested that community nursing staff should pay high attention to the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk of falling,strengthen the education of the high-risk group and their families and reduce the risk of falling in the elderly with diabetes at home.
作者
张修齐
绳宇
Zhang Xiuqi;Sheng Yu(School of Nursing,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100006,China)
出处
《中华现代护理杂志》
2022年第11期1431-1436,共6页
Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing
关键词
老年人
糖尿病
2型
意外跌倒
社区护理
影响因素
Aged
Diabetes mellitus,type 2
Accidental falls
Community nursing
Influencing factors
