摘要
环境侵权之债中,侵权行为、损害结果和因果关系为权利发生要件,法定免责事由为权利妨害要件。侵权行为、损害结果为原告承担证明责任,因果关系和法定免责事由由被告承担证明责任。《最高人民法院关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第30条规定的前诉公益诉讼所认定事实对后诉私益诉讼的扩张效力,不是基于既判力、争点效、反射效,而是生效裁判认定事实为免证事实的传承,并考量后诉当事人在前诉裁判确认事实过程中的程序保障度作出的差异性回应,尚需进一步完善为:同一污染环境、破坏生态行为的前诉公益诉讼裁判所作的是否存在侵权行为、因果关系以及法定免责事由的事实认定,后诉环境私益诉讼原告主张适用的,无需举证证明,但被告有相反证据足以推翻的除外;前诉裁判所作的裁判方法,后诉原告主张援引时,应当参照适用。
The occurrence elements of environmental tort debt are tort,damage result and causation,while the right impairment elements are its statutory exemptions. The plaintiff shall bear the burden of proof for tort and damage result,while the defendant shall bear the burden of proof for causation and legal exemption. Article 30 of the Interpretation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation stipulates that there should be an expanded validity of the facts ascertained in the public interest litigation over the private interest litigation. Such validity expansion is not based on res judicata,contentious point effect or reflective effect,but on the inheritance of the fact ascertained by the effective judgment as the fact exempted from proof. Considering the procedural guarantee of the parties involved in the process of differential response of degree,the validity should be improved as follows:when it concerns with the fact determination on whether there is infringement,causality and legal exemption in the public interest litigation judgment of the same environmental pollution and ecological damage action,the plaintiff of the private interest litigation of the latter claims can assert such facts without proof,except that the defendant has the opposite evidence sufficient to overturn it. The method of adjudication made by the previous lawsuit shall be applied by reference when the plaintiff in the later lawsuit claims to invoke it.
作者
马登科
Ma Dengke(Institute of Southwest University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《国家检察官学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期161-176,共16页
Journal of National Prosecutors College
基金
司法部2019年度国家法治与法学理论研究一般项目“环境公益诉讼判决对私益诉讼效力结构研究”(19SFB2033)
2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家治理体系中民事执行现代化”(20&ZD195)的阶段性成果。
关键词
构成要件
免证事实
片面扩张
程序保障
判例指引
Constituent Elements
Evidence-free Facts
One-sided Expansion
Procedural Protection
Precedent Guidance
