摘要
【目的】探明栽培草莓小孢子具有胚发生能力时期的花器形态,以期为小孢子培养田间准确取样提供参考。【方法】以章姬、红颜、黔莓1号和黔莓2号4个草莓品种为试材,观察测定小孢子花粉母细胞时期、四分孢子时期、单核早期、单核中期、单核晚期和双核期6个发育时期花蕾、花瓣、花药外观形态及花蕾纵横径、主副萼长、花瓣长和花药长的变化。【结果】章姬、红颜、黔莓1号和黔莓2号4个草莓品种小孢子细胞学发育时期与花蕾形态存在相关性,除主副萼比外,各品种小孢子细胞学不同发育时期花蕾的横径、纵径、主萼长、副萼长、花瓣长和花药长均随发育时期的推进而不断增大,可根据其指标明确断定小孢子的发育时期;小孢子单核晚期,4个草莓品种花蕾外观上均为花蕾膨大、饱满,副萼开张,主萼闭合,看不到花瓣,花药柠檬黄色,不透明;花蕾纵径、花蕾横径、主萼长、副萼长、花瓣长和花药长分别为9.47~9.93 mm、6.39~7.39 mm、10.65~11.85 mm、11.13~12.55 mm、5.00~5.65 mm和1.63~1.70 mm,各品种间花蕾纵径和花药长差异不显著,可作为不同草莓材料取样时期的鉴定指标。【结论】栽培草莓小孢子单核晚期发育阶段的判断标准为花蕾膨大、饱满,副萼开张,主萼闭合,看不到花瓣,花药柠檬黄色,花蕾纵径和花药长分别为9.47~9.93 mm和1.63~1.70 mm。
【Objective】The floral organ morphology of cultivated strawberry microspore with embryogenesis ability is discussed to provide a reference for field accurate sampling for microspore culture.【Method】The appearance morphology of floral bud,petal and anther and variation in bud longitudinal and transverse diameter,calyx and calycle length,petal length and anther length of four strawberry cultivars(Zhangji,Hongyan,Qianmei 1 and Qianmei 2)at six development stages of microspore pollen mother cell stage,tetrad stage,early uninucleate stage,mid uninucleate stage,late uninucleate stage and dinucleate stage are observed and determined.【Result】The microspore cytological development stage of four tested strawberry cultivars is related to their floral bud morphology.The floral bud transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter,calyx length,calycle length,petal length and anther length of each strawberry cultivar in different microspore cytological development stages all increase with the proceeding of development stage,indicating the microspore development stage can be determined by the above indexes.At late uninucleate stage,the floral bud appearance of four strawberry cultivars are bud enlargement and full,calycle open,calyx closed,no petals,lemon yellow anther with opaqueness.The bud longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,calyx length,calycle length,petal length and anther length are 9.47~9.93 mm,6.39~7.39 mm,10.65~11.85 mm,11.13~12.55 mm,5.00~5.65 mm and 1.63~1.70 mm respectively,there is no obvious difference in bud longitudinal diameter and anther length among different cultivars,which can be used as the identification index of different strawberry materials at sampling period.【Conclusion】The identification standard of cultivated strawberry microspore in late uninucleate stage includes bud enlargement and full,calycle open,calyx closed,no petals,lemon yellow anther,9.47~9.93 mm and 1.63~1.70 mm of floral bud longitudinal diameter and anther length.
作者
马红叶
王爱华
李荣飞
杨仕品
黄伟
乔荣
钟霈霖
MA Hongye;WANG Aihua;LI Rongfei;YANG Shipin;HUANG Wei;QIAO Rong;ZHONG Peilin(Guizhou Horticulture Institute,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Shanmao Center for Horticultural Engineering Technology,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2022年第5期113-119,共7页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省科技支撑项目[黔科合支撑(2020)1Y018,1Y020]
贵州省精品水果产业技术体系项目(GZCYTX2018)
贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目[黔农科院青年科技基金(2018)37,(2021)03]。
关键词
草莓
小孢子
发育时期
花器官
形态特征
strawberry
microspore
development stage
floral organs
morphological characteristics
