摘要
【目的】探讨宁夏平原有机肥施用量对饲料玉米产量及土壤性状的影响,明确该地区有机肥安全施用量,为土壤培肥及玉米增产提供科学依据。【方法】2018—2019年在宁夏青铜峡市甘城子村开展有机肥不同施用量试验,共设6个用量水平:0、3750、7500、15000、30000、45000 kg/hm^(2),以非有机肥(0 kg/hm^(2))为对照,研究不同有机肥用量对玉米产量及构成因素、土壤养分和生物活性的影响。【结果】施用适量有机肥可显著增加玉米产量,以有机肥施用量15000~30000 kg/hm^(2)对产量构成因素促进效果最佳,2018和2019年最高产量下有机肥施肥量分别为27880和25030 kg/hm^(2);施用有机肥可显著增加0~30 cm层土壤养分和土壤微生物数量,以有机肥施用量15000 kg/hm^(2)处理对增加土壤细菌数效果最佳,2018和2019年较对照分别显著增加252.1%和202.4%,且2019年微生物总数高于2018年;施用有机肥可有效增加土壤酶活性,0~20 cm层土壤酶活性高于20~40 cm。0~20 cm层土壤在有机肥施用量15000 kg/hm^(2)处理下土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性最高,较对照处理分别显著增加63.6%、26.2%、158.9%和43.9%,而20~40 cm层土壤在有机肥施用量45000 kg/hm^(2)处理下活性最高,较对照分别显著增加202.3%、37.4%、97.4%和56.3%。【结论】施用适量有机肥可以显著提高玉米产量,增加土壤养分和微生物数量,提高土壤酶活性。
[Objective]In order to explore the effect of the application amount of organic fertilizer on the yield and soil properties of feed maize in Ningxia Plain,and to clarify the safe application amount of organic fertilizer in this area,so as to provide scientific basis for soil fertilization and maize yield increase.[Method]From 2018 to 2019,experiments on different application rates of organic fertilizer were carried out in Ganchengzi village,Qingtongxia city,Ningxia.Six application levels were set:0,3750,7500,15000,30000 and 45000 kg/hm^(2).The effects of different application rates of organic fertilizer on maize yield,constituent factors,soil nutrients and biological activities were studied with non organic fertilizer(0 kg/hm^(2))as the control.[Result]The application of appropriate amount of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the yield of maize.The application amount of organic fertilizer was 15000-30000 kg/hm^(2),which had the best effect on the yield components.The application amount of organic fertilizer under the highest yield in 2018 and 2019 was 27880 and 25030 kg/hm^(2)respectively;The application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the soil nutrients and the number of soil microorganisms in the layer of 0-30 cm.The treatment with the application amount of organic fertilizer of 15000 kg/hm^(2)had the best effect on increasing the number of soil bacteria.In 2018 and 2019,compared with the control,the total number of microorganisms increased by 252.1%and 202.4%respectively,and the total number of microorganisms in 2019 was higher than that in 2018;Applying organic fertilizer can effectively increase soil enzyme activity,and the soil enzyme activity in 0-20 cm layer was higher than that in 20-40 cm layer.The activities of urease,catalase,sucrase and phosphatase in 0-20 cm layer were the highest under the treatment of organic fertilizer application of 15000 kg/hm^(2),which were significantly increased by 63.6%,26.2%,158.9%and 43.9%respectively compared with the control,while the activities in 20-40 cm layer were the highest under the treatment of organic fertilizer application of 45000 kg/hm^(2),which were significantly increased by 202.3%,37.4%,97.4%and 56.3%respectively.[Conclusion]Applying appropriate amount of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the yield of maize,increase the number of soil nutrients and microorganisms,and improve the activity of soil enzymes.
作者
司海丽
纪立东
刘菊莲
柳骁桐
郑淑欣
SI Hai-li;JI Li-dong;LIU Ju-lian;LIU Xiao-tong;ZHENG Shu-xin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Institute of Crop Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yinchuan 750002,China;Shapotou District Service Center for Agricultural Technology Transfer,Zhongwei,Ningxia 755000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期740-747,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
宁夏自治区重点研发计划(2019BCF01001)
宁夏自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-07)
宁夏农林科学院全产业链科技创新示范项目(QCYL-2018-09)
关键词
有机肥
玉米产量
土壤养分
土壤微生物
土壤酶活性
Organic fertilizer
Maize yield
Soil nutrients
Soil microorganisms
Soil enzyme activity
