摘要
水产养殖是通过自然水域或人工水体,以人为控制方式进行水生经济动植物养殖和种植的活动。水产养殖利用范围广泛,包括海洋、滩涂、池塘、湖泊、水库、江河等不同水域空间。作为渔业的核心组成部分,水产养殖在保障优质蛋白供给、建设水域生态文明、加快渔业转型升级和振兴产业经济发展方面的作用愈发凸显。在全面加快渔业现代化建设的大背景下,水产养殖逐步从过去拼资源要素投入转向依靠科技创新和提高生产效率,从追求单纯数量增长转向更高质量、更好效益和更可持续的发展方式。近年来,随着水产养殖模式的升级和设施装备的进步,整个产业迎来了蓬勃的发展机遇,同时也面临着系列挑战。该文综述了发展水产养殖的重要意义,分析了其当前的发展现状,凝练了制约发展的主要问题,提出了种质资源保藏与育种技术研发、目标性状改良与重大品种培育、生产方式优化与传统模式升级、养殖设施研制与大型装备创建、高效饲料开发与病害精准防控、质量安全分析与追溯体系构建等亟须攻关的重点任务,形成了做好科技创新整体布局、做实研发平台基地建设、做优政策法规体系保障、做精区域典型样板打造等发展建议,为实现中国由水产养殖大国向水产养殖强国转变提供参考依据。
Aquaculture is the farming activity of economical aquatic plants and animals by factitious control in natural or artificial waters.Its utilizing range covers extensive water space which included ocean,intertidal zone,pond,lake,reservoir,and river.As the core part of the fishery,aquaculture plays an increasingly important role in ensuring the supply of high-quality protein,building the water ecological civilization,accelerating the fishery transformation and upgrading as well as promoting industrial economic development.With the status of comprehensive speed up the construction for fishery modernization,aquaculture has gradually from the past reliant resource factors input turned into dependent technology innovation and improving the efficiency of production,furthermore,from pursuing quantity increased into higher quality,better benefit and more sustainable development way.In recent years,over upgrading the pattern with prep facility and equipment progress in aquaculture,the industry faces a flourishing developmental opportunity and serial challenges.This paper synthetically discusses the significance of developing aquaculture,analyzes its current developmental status,and summarizes the major problems which restrict the development of aquaculture.Imperative research-intensive tasks are proposed that involve preserving the genetic resources and researching the breeding technology,improving the target traits and breeding the significant varieties,optimizing the production mode and upgrading the traditional pattern,developing the cultured facilities and creating the large equipment,exploiting the high-efficiency feed and accurately preventing the diseases as well as analyzing the quality safety and constructing the traceability system.Relevant development suggestions are also proposed,such as doing well the integrated layout for scientific and technological innovation,doing real the construction of research platform and base,optimizing the safeguard for policy and law system,doing fine building the regional typical case,which aims to provide the lesson and reference for realizing accelerating from aquaculture country to a strong one.
作者
莽琦
徐钢春
朱健
徐跑
MANG Qi;XU Gangchun;ZHU Jian;XU Pao(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214128,Jiangsu,China;Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《渔业现代化》
CSCD
2022年第2期1-9,共9页
Fishery Modernization
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-46)。
关键词
水产养殖
发展现状
生产方式
转型升级
aquaculture
developmental status
production mode
transformation and upgrading
