摘要
大青叶蝉Cicadella viridis(Linnaeus,1758)(半翅目Hemiptera:叶蝉科Cicadellidae)食性杂,对玉米ZeamaysL.等众多农林作物危害严重,亟待防治。寄生蜂作为重要的生物防治因子,对害虫具有良好的防治效果。探究该害虫在新疆的发生及其寄生蜂的寄生生物学特性,可为保护本地寄生性天敌资源和将来人工繁育优势寄生蜂防治大青叶蝉提供基础数据。本研究于2014—2015年在新疆玛纳斯国家湿地公园通过野外观察调查了该地大青叶蝉的生活史,同时进一步采集大青叶蝉卵进行室内饲养和解剖,确定其优势卵寄生蜂的种类、寄生率、羽化率和雌雄性比等寄生生物学特性,并观察记录该寄生蜂的整个发育历程和寿命及其羽化、交配产卵等过程。结果表明,大青叶蝉在新疆玛纳斯国家湿地公园一年发生两代,以卵越冬;发现该害虫的两种卵寄生蜂,其中小斑邻赤眼蜂Paracentrobia exilimaculata Hu&Lin为世界首次报道的大青叶蝉卵寄生蜂,优势寄生蜂长角柄翅缨小蜂Gonatocerus longicornis Nees为国内首次报道的大青叶蝉卵寄生蜂;长角柄翅缨小蜂的自然寄生率平均为49.70%,九月上旬最高,可达74.96%;室内饲养结果显示,在15℃~40℃,随着温度的升高,羽化率和雌雄比均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,符合正态分布曲线;以15%蜂蜜水(蜂蜜:水=1:6)饲养,该寄生蜂从产卵到羽化需要9~16 d(平均14.25 d),成虫寿命约6~12 d(雌蜂:9.38 d;雄蜂:8.50 d),且雌蜂一般会比雄蜂的寿命长1~2 d。本研究初步探明了30℃、RH 45%和光周期14L:10D为大青叶蝉优势寄生蜂长角柄翅缨小蜂的最佳饲养条件,且对大青叶蝉卵具有良好的寄生性能,利用该寄生蜂防治大青叶蝉具有良好的应用前景。
Cicadella viridis(Linnaeus, 1758)(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae) is an insect pest with wide host range and attacks various crops including maize Zea mays L.. As important biocontrol agents, parasitoids usually provide efficient natural control of insect pests. This study aimed to clarify the occurrence of C. viridis as well as the biological characteristics of its egg parasitoids in Xinjiang, which may provide basic information that can benefit the conservation of native parasitic natural enemies and the biological control of C. viridis via mass-rearing and release of parasitoids. During 2014—2015, the life history of C. viridis was investigated in Manas National Wetland Park. C.viridis had two generations annually and overwintered as eggs in this region. Two egg parasitoid species of C.viridis were identified, Paracentrobia exilimaculata Hu & Lin was a worldwide first report parasitizing C. viridis and Gonatocerus longicornis Nees was a first report in China. The natural parasitism rate by the dominant egg parasitoid G. longicornis peaked in early September(74.96%) and averaged 49.70%. The eclosion rate and the sex ratio increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature from 15 ℃ to 40 ℃. The immature stage(from egg to adult emergence) took 9 to 16 days, averaging 14. 25 days. The lifespan of adult wasps fed with 15% honey solution ranged from 6 to12 days(Female: 9.38 d;Male: 8.50 d), and the females lived 1―2 days longer than the males. The optimal rearing conditions for G. longicornis were 30 ℃, 45% RH and photoperiod 14 L:10 D, and these conditions favored its parasitization of C. viridis. The parasitoid has high potential for the biological control against C. viridis.
作者
赵倩
林思雨
朱丽得孜·艾山
钟问
胡红英
ZHAO Qian;LIN Siyu;ZHULIDEZI Aishan;ZHONG Wen;HU Hongying(College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,Urumqi 830046,China)
出处
《中国生物防治学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期29-41,共13页
Chinese Journal of Biological Control
基金
国家自然科学基金(31360523)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2011211A004)。
关键词
大青叶蝉
长角柄翅缨小蜂
小斑邻赤眼蜂
寄生率
羽化率
雌雄性比
Cicadella viridis
Gonatocerus longicornis
Paracentrobia exilimaculata
parasitism rate
eclosion rate
sex ratio
