摘要
目的了解长沙市健康体检人群钠钾摄入水平,为制定膳食营养干预措施提供依据。方法选择2017年2月—2020年3月在中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理中心参加健康体检的人群为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集性别、年龄、疾病史、用药史、吸烟和饮酒行为等资料,测量血压、身高和体重,计算体质指数(BMI);检测血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和肌酐(SCr);采用Kawa⁃saki方法估算24小时尿钠、尿钾排泄量作为钠、钾摄入量的替代指标。依据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》2013修订版预防慢性病的建议摄入量(PI),分析不同性别、年龄和BMI人群的钠钾摄入情况。结果调查50543人,年龄为(45.64±11.89)岁。其中男性28555人,占56.50%;女性21988人,占43.50%。超重19405人,占38.39%;肥胖6276人,占12.42%。吸烟13410人,占26.53%;饮酒14740人,占29.16%。高血压9217人,占18.24%。糖尿病3589人,占7.10%。血脂异常18232人,占36.07%。钠摄入量为(4143.29±1216.46)mg/d,超过PI值49277人,占97.50%。男性[(4345.52±1231.45)mg/d]、36~<46岁[(4185.41±1202.95)mg/d]、肥胖[(4578.94±1282.66)mg/d]、吸烟[(4191.71±1219.91)mg/d]、饮酒[(4325.12±1245.65)mg/d]、高血压[(4358.89±1265.70)mg/d]和血脂异常[(4261.60±1228.86)mg/d]者钠摄入量较高。钾摄入量为(1986.26±526.42)mg/d,低于PI值50440人,占99.80%。男性[(2061.94±556.91)mg/d]、<36岁[(2027.24±533.37)mg/d]、肥胖[(2133.27±580.25)mg/d]、吸烟[(2023.08±557.72)mg/d]、饮酒[(2048.43±557.53)mg/d]、血压正常[(1994.65±522.63)mg/d]和血脂异常[(2038.22±546.52)mg/d]者钾摄入量较高。结论长沙市健康体检人群钠摄入量高于PI值,但钾摄入量低于PI值;建议加强健康教育,改善钠钾摄入量。
Objective To investigate sodium and potassium intakes among individuals undergoing physical examinations in Changsha City,so as provide the evidence for developing nutritional interventions.Methods The individuals undergo⁃ing physical examinations in the Center for Health Management,The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2017 to March 2020 were selected,and their gender,age,history of diseases,history of medications,smoking and drinking behaviors were collected through questionnaire surveys.The blood pressure,height and body weight were measured,and the body mass index(BMI)was calculated.The levels of blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and se⁃rum creatinine were detected,and the 24-h urinary excretions of sodium and potassium were measured using the Kawa⁃saki method to estimate sodium and potassium intakes.According to the recommended intakes for preventing chronic diseases(PI values)in the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(2013 revised version),the gender-,age-and BMI-specific in⁃takes of sodium and potassium were analyzed.Results Totally 50543 subjects were enrolled,with a mean age of(45.64±11.89)years.There were 28555 men(56.50%)and 21988 women(43.50%),and there were 19405 overweight individuals(38.39%),6276 obese individuals(12.42%),13410 smokers(26.53%),14740 drinkers(29.16%),9217 in⁃dividuals with hypertension(18.24%),3589 individuals with diabetes(7.10%),18232 individuals with dyslipidemia(36.07%).The mean sodium intake was(4143.29±1216.46)mg/d among the study subjects,and there were 49277 participants with sodium intakes that exceeded the PI value(97.50%).Higher sodium intakes were found in men[(4345.52±1231.45)mg/d],individuals at ages of 36 to 45 years[(4185.41±1202.95)mg/d],obese individuals[(4578.94±1282.66)mg/d],smokers[(4191.71±1219.91)mg/d],drinkers[(4325.12±1245.65)mg/d],individu⁃als with hypertension[(4358.89±1265.70)mg/d]and individuals with dyslipidemia[(4261.60±1228.86)mg/d].The mean potassium intake was(1986.26±526.42)mg/d among the study subjects,and there were 50440 participants with potassium intakes that exceeded the PI value(99.80%).Higher potassium intakes were seen in men[(2061.94±556.91)mg/d],individuals at ages of 35 years and below[(2027.24±533.37)mg/d],obese individuals[(2133.27±580.25)mg/d],smokers[(2023.08±557.72)mg/d],drinkers[(2048.43±557.53)mg/d],individuals without hyperten⁃sion[(1994.65±552.63)mg/d]and individuals with dyslipidemia[(2038.22±546.52)mg/d].Conclusions Higher so⁃dium intakes and lower potassium intakes than the PI values are found among individuals undergoing health examina⁃tions in Changsha City.Health education is recommended to be reinforced to improve sodium and potassium intakes.
作者
吕晶
贺永梅
李丽军
殷明慧
李晓晖
王建刚
李莹
LÜJing;HE Yongmei;LI Lijun;YIN Minghui;LI Xiaohui;WANG Jiangang;LI Ying(Center of Health Management,the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410013,China;Aerospace Center Hospital,Beijing 100049,China;Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410078,China)
出处
《预防医学》
2022年第6期600-605,共6页
CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL
基金
国家自然科学基金(81973324)
湖湘青年(2020RC3063)。
关键词
钾
钠
横断面研究
体检人群
sodium
potassium
cross-sectional study
physical examination population
