摘要
针对河湖氮磷控制标准不衔接问题,以大型浅水湖泊太湖为例,基于2013—2018年环太湖主要入湖河流和湖体总氮浓度〔ρ(TN)〕、总磷浓度〔ρ(TP)〕、叶绿素a浓度〔ρ(Chla)〕、水量等监测数据资料,采用湖盆模型(Bathtub模型),构建太湖主要入湖河流与湖体ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)和ρ(Chla)的响应关系,分析了主要入湖河流ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)和水量对湖体富营养化的影响,探讨了太湖主要入湖河流水量及其与湖体氮磷协同控制限值.结果表明:①太湖主要入湖河流氮磷的输入仍显著影响湖体ρ(TN)、ρ(TP),尤其是对西北部湖区的富营养化水平产生了显著影响;②在入湖水量方面,湖西区入湖水量增加可导致太湖富营养化程度增加,而“引江济太”水量输入在一定程度上改善了太湖水质.建议分区域控制直接入湖河流水量,其中,湖西区直接入湖水量控制在60×10^(8)~70×10^(8) m^(3)之间,望虞河“引江济太”水量控制在15×10^(8)~20×10^(8) m^(3)之间;③针对太湖流域而言,现行《地表水质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)在协同控制河、湖氮磷方面存在一定的不足,仅通过控制入湖河流ρ(TN)、ρ(TP),太湖ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)难以达到Ⅲ类水质标准;④与全湖平均值相比,湖西区要达到同一标准限值,入湖河流协同控制限值要更为严格.在河湖氮磷衔接目标制定上,建议湖西区单独设定协同控制目标浓度值.另外,建议结合《地表水质量标准》(GB 3838—2002),开展太湖流域水质、水量协同控制,有效约束入湖通量,达到河湖氮磷协同控制目的.
Aiming at the problem of‘no-joining’in water quality standards between lakes and their inflows,a large shallow lake,Lake Taihu and its inflows was taken as an example.The monitoring data such as total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),chlorophyll a(Chla),water level,water volume of Lake Taihu and the main inflows and outflows from 2013 to 2018 were collected.Based on these data,the Bathtub model was used to analyze the relationship of water quality between Lake Taihu and the main inflow.The effect of water quality such as TN and TP,and water volume of the main inflows on eutrophication of Lake Taihu was analyzed and discussed.And then,the collaborative control goal of water volume and water quality(described by TN and TP)between Lake Taihu and its main inflows was discussed.The results showed that:(1)The input of nitrogen and phosphorus from the main inflows still significantly affected the TN and TP,and eutrophication of Lake Taihu,especially the northwestern part of Lake Taihu.(2)In terms of the amount of water volume flowing into the lake,the increase of water volume from the inflows of western area of Lake Taihu would result in an increase in the degree of eutrophication.However,the water volume transfer from the Yangtze River directly by the Wangyu River would improve the water quality of Lake Taihu to a certain extent.It is recommended to control the total amount of water volume from different regions.For example,the water volume directly flowing into the lake in the west of Lake Taihu could be controlled between 60×10^(8)-70×10^(8) m^(3),and the water volume transfer from the Yangtze River directly by the Wangyu River could be controlled between 15×10^(8)-20×10^(8) m^(3).(3)For the Lake Taihu Basin,the current Surface Water Quality Standard(GB 3838-2002)could not collaboratively control nitrogen and phosphorus between Lake Taihu and its main inflows well.Only controlling theρ(TN)andρ(TP)of the main inflows could not reach ClassⅢwater quality standards for Lake Taihu.(4)Compared with the whole lake,the western area of Lake Taihu should reach the same limits of Water Quality Standard such asρ(TN)andρ(TP),the Water Quality Standard of the inflows should reach more strict limits.Thus,it is recommended that the western area of Lake Taihu separately set the target value for collaborative control with its main inflows.Additionally,it is recommended to develop the target for collaborative control of water quality and water volume,that is fluxes,in the Taihu Lake Basin based on the Surface Water Quality Standard(GB 3838-2002).
作者
胡晓燕
朱元荣
孙福红
陶艳茹
高可伟
马蕙蕙
蒋娟
邴小杰
HU Xiaoyan;ZHU Yuanrong;SUN Fuhong;TAO Yanru;GAO Kewei;MA Huihui;JIANG Juan;BING Xiaojie(College of Earth Science,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1407-1418,共12页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.41877380,41630645)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2018ZX07208001)。
关键词
湖盆模型
入湖河流
通量
协同控制
水质标准
Bathtub model
inflows
fluxes
collaborative control
water quality standard
