摘要
[目的]研究植被覆盖坡面土壤侵蚀发生的动力学机制,为揭示华北土石山区植被覆盖坡面侵蚀机理提供理论支撑。[方法]从坡面径流水动力学特性出发,基于人工模拟降雨的方法,定量研究油松、侧柏、栓皮栎和酸枣覆盖坡面径流水动力学过程和侵蚀过程的相互关系。[结果]侧柏覆盖坡面的产流量最大,平均总产流量为56.85 L。而产沙量最高的则是栓皮栎覆盖坡面,平均总产沙量高达1189.15 g。各植被覆盖坡面径流流速范围为0.803±0.213~4.276±0.430 m/min。栓皮栎覆盖坡面径流流速最快,平均流速为2.930 m/min。4种植被覆盖坡面径流雷诺数和弗劳德数范围分别为7.271~62.630和0.177~0.900,径流雷诺数与弗劳德数均随着降雨强度的增大而增大。[结论]坡面植被覆被具有良好的减流减沙效果。植被覆盖坡面径流水动力学要素与产沙率密切相关,是预测土壤侵蚀过程的重要因子。
[Objective]The dynamic mechanism of soil erosion on vegetation covered slope was studied in order to provide theoretical support for revealing the mechanism of vegetation covered slope erosion in earth rock mountainous areas of North China.[Methods]Based on the runoff dynamic characteristics of slope and the method of artificial rainfall simulation,the relationships between runoff hydrodynamic characteristics and erosion processes on vegetation covered slopes(Pinus tabuliformis,Platycladus orientalis,Quercus variabilis and Ziziphus jujuba)were explored quantitively.[Results]The Platycladus orientalis covered slopes had the greatest runoff yield amount with mean value of 56.85 L.The Quercus variabilis covered slopes had the greatest sediment yield amount with mean value of 1189.15 g.Runoff velocities under all 4 kinds vegetation ranged from 0.803±0.213 to 4.276±0.430 m/min.Reynolds number and Froude number increased with the increase of rainfall intensity,and the values varied 7.127~63.630 and 0.177~0.900,respectively.[Conclusion]Vegetation cover on the slope has a good effect of reducing runoff and sediment.The dynamic factors of runoff on slope are closely related to the sediment yield,which is an important factor to predict the process of soil erosion.
作者
孙佳美
侯沛轩
逄育波
张祯尧
李瀚之
Sun Jiamei;Hou Peixuan;Pang Yubo;Zhang Zhenyao;Li Hanzhi(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Forestry and Grassland Engineering Project Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050081,China;Comprehensive Security Center of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Hailar District,Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia 021008,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Desertification Studies,Chinease Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期1-7,共7页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“天然草地坡面融雪侵蚀—植被退化阈值量化及作用机制研究”(42007051)。
关键词
植被
坡面
土壤
侵蚀水动力学机理
vegetation
slope
soil erosion
hydrodynamic mechanism
