摘要
针对目前大蒜种植中存在的机械化程度低、人工成本高、大蒜播种机排种装置中高速运行时振动较大容易造成漏种等问题,设计出一种排种装置可调节的、单粒取种和播种的新型大蒜播种机械,能够通过改变型孔调节长度适应不同尺寸蒜种。通过对大蒜播种机排种机构进行设计,确定大蒜播种机样机的设计方案、关键零部件的设计及参数确定,并完成虚拟零件设计及整机装配建模,确定了不同品种蒜种排种时排种器的最佳调节尺寸。通过大田试验对大蒜播种机的田间播种进行验证,对漏种、重种等情况进行分析,结果表明:手工点种每人每天只播约0.013hm^(2),而机械化播种每天能够完成近1.33hm^(2),效率约为人工的100倍;机械播种可保证株距、行距及深度,均匀度好、出芽整齐,不会互相影响,大蒜总体产量较高;实现了单粒取种播种合格指数皆大于80%,满足我国精密播种要求。整机可以较好地实现大蒜的机械化种植,斜倾一定角度、平躺和直立种植大蒜均可较好地发芽生长。
In view of the existing problems in garlic planting,such as low degree of mechanization,high labor cost,large vibration in the high-speed operation of the garlic planter seeding device,which can easily cause seed leakage,etc.,an adjustable,single-grain seeding device has been designed.A new type of garlic seeding machine for picking and seeding.And the length can be adjusted by changing the hole so that the seed meter can adapt to different sizes of garlic seeds.Through the design of the garlic planter seeding mechanism,the design plan of the garlic planter prototype is determined,the key parts and parameters of garlic seeding are designed and the parameters are determined,and the virtual part design and the whole machine assembly modeling are completed to determine the garlic seed rows of different varieties when seeding,the optimal adjustment size of the seed metering device.The field planting of garlic planters was verified through field experiments,and the situation of missed seeding and repeated seeding was analyzed.The test results show that manual seeding only sows about 0.013hm^(2) per person per day,while mechanized seeding can complete nearly 1.33hm^(2) per day,and the efficiency is about 100 times that of manual seeding.Mechanical seeding ensures plant spacing,row spacing and depth,good uniformity,neat budding,and no mutual influence.The overall yield of garlic is high.Realize that the single seed sowing qualification index is greater than 80%,which meets the requirements of precision seeding in my country.The whole machine can better realize the mechanized planting of garlic,and the garlic can be grown at a certain angle,lying down and upright.
作者
张娇
宋文远
曹亚州
王常林
郭惠萍
朱琳
杨福增
Zhang Jiao;Song Wenyuan;Cao Yazhou;Wang Changlin;Guo Huiping;Zhu Lin;Yang Fuzeng(School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University,Yangling 712100,China;Baoji Crrc Times Engineering Machinery Co. Ltd.,Baoji 721001,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2022年第8期129-136,共8页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
陕西省技术创新引导专项(007149179063)
陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(100018123014)。
关键词
大蒜播种
排种器
单粒取种
garlic planting
seed-metering device
single seed-picking
