摘要
二语词汇学习的广度和深度要求学习型词典应集解码和编码功能于一体,而对学习者交际能力、语言产出的重视又要求学习型词典更加重视编码功能。本文基于一部700万字的汉语学习词典,阐述了解码编码双驱动的汉语学习词典编纂理念及如何践行这一理念。具体体现为:收词立目不可平均用力,接受性词语重在解码处理,产出性词语重在编码细化;释义方式多样,元语言释义辅以图片、视频等多模态释义,提高可理解性,凸显解码功能;打破字词界线,重视语素作用,助力解码。除传统释义内容外,还应基于语料库按照使用频率提取语法结构和常用搭配,提供具体用法和常见偏误预警等信息,凸显编码功能;解码和编码配例有分工,解码配例重在体现词语意思,宜前置,编码配例重在体现词语搭配和用法,实现“示范”功能,宜后置。以上多数功能在传统纸质词典里很难甚至无法实现,而融媒词典则均可轻松完成。
The breadth and depth of vocabulary learning requires that dictionary for learners should integrate decoding and encoding functions,while the emphasis on learners’communicative competence and language output requires dictionary for learners to pay more attention to encoding functions.Based on a 7 million-word dictionary for learning Chinese,this paper expounds the idea of compiling Chinese learning dictionary driven by decoding and encoding and how to practice this concept.Specifically,it is embodied as follows:accepting words focus on decoding,and producing words focus on encoding;There are various ways of definition,and metalanguage definition is supplemented by multimodal definition such as pictures and videos,which improves intelligibility and highlights decoding function;Break morpheme-word boundaries,attach importance to morpheme and help decoding.In addition to the traditional contents of definition,we should also extract grammatical structures and common collocations based on the corpus,and provide specific usage and common error warning to highlight the encoding function;Decoding examples focus on expressing the meaning of words,which should be in front,encoding examples focus on embodying the collocation and usage of words and the function of demonstration,which should be in back.Most of the above functions are difficult or even impossible to achieve in traditional paper dictionaries,while they can be easily realized in the converged media dictionaries.
出处
《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第5期1-14,151,共15页
Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)
基金
教育部中外语言交流合作中心重点项目“国际中文教育新标准下词汇教学资源研究”(21YH16B),教育部中外语言交流合作中心一般项目“基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》的初等语法多模态教学资源建设研究”(YHJC21YB-131),北京语言大学校级重大基础研究专项“外向型融媒词典的研发和创新”(19ZDJ02)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
学习型词典
汉语学习词典
融媒词典
解码
编码
dictionary for learners
dictionary for learning Chinese
converged media dictionary
decoding
encoding
