摘要
【目的】设施蔬菜生产中,盲目大量使用化肥导致的土壤障碍、蔬菜产量和质量降低等系列问题限制了设施蔬菜的可持续发展,有机物料(有机肥、秸秆等)替代部分化肥势在必行,但有机物料替代部分化肥对蔬菜产量构成因素的影响尚未明确。【方法】本文依托温室内有机物料替代部分化肥长期定位试验,以黄瓜为供试作物,选取其中6个处理:不施肥对照(CK)、100%化肥(CF100)、75%化肥(CF75)、25%玉米秸秆N替代化肥N处理(S25)、50%玉米秸秆N替代化肥N处理(S50)以及100%玉米秸秆N替代化肥N(S100)。【结果】结果表明,CF100和CF75处理在根系生长参数、叶片光合特性以及黄瓜产量和品质上未表现出显著差异,但CF75处理最终经济效益上却提高了1.4%;相比CF100处理,S25和S50处理显著提高了黄瓜根系鲜重和根系活力,且S50处理优于S25处理;S25处理还显著增加了盛果期植株叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、叶面积,降低了胞间CO_(2)浓度;S25和S50处理均提高了黄瓜品质,且S25处理优于S50处理;S25和S50处理分别较CF100处理增产11.9%和15.2%,收益也相应提高了12.8%和16.4%。【结论】化肥减量25%不会对黄瓜产量及构成因素产生不利影响,50%玉米秸秆N替代化肥N能促进植株的生长发育,提高黄瓜叶片光合作用和黄瓜产量与品质,降低投入,增加收益。
[Objectives]A series of problems have been caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers in the vegetableproducing soils,which leads to restrict the sustainable development of facility vegetables.Organic materials(organic fertilizers,straws,etc.)replacing some parts of chemical fertilizers are imperative,but the influence of organic materials to replace some chemical fertilizers on the constituent factors of vegetable output has not yet been clear.[Methods]Based on the long-term experiment of organic materials replacing part of chemical fertilizer in greenhouse,six treatments were selected:no fertilizer treatment(CK),100%chemical fertilizer treatment(CF100),75%chemical fertilizer treatment(CF75),25%corn straw nitrogen(N)instead of chemical fertilizer N(S25),50%corn straw N instead of chemical fertilizer N(S50)and 100%corn straw N instead of chemical fertilizer N(S100).[Results]The results showed that CF100 and CF75 treatments did not show significant differences in root growth parameters,leaf photosynthetic characteristics,cucumber yield and quality,but the final economic benefits of CF75 treatment increased by 1.4%.The effect of S50 was better than that of S25.Compared with CF100 treatment,S25 and S50 treatments significantly increased the fresh weight and root vigor of cucumber plant roots,and S50 treatment was better than that of S25 treatment.S25 treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and leaf area of the plants in the full fruit stage.S25 also reduced the intercellular CO_(2) concentration.Both S25 and S50 treatments improved cucumber quality,and S25 treatment was better than S50 treatment.Compared with the CF100 treatment,the S25 and S50 treatments increased production by 11.9%and 15.2%,and also enhanced the income by 12.8%and 16.4%,respectively.[Conclusion]The 25%reduction in fertilizer application will not adversely affect the yield and constituent factors of cucumber.Substituting 50%straw N for chemical fertilizer N can promote plant growth and development,improve cucumber leaf photosynthesis and cucumber yield and quality,reduce costs and increase income.
作者
张新宇
杨丽娟
王业迪
姚澜
关之昊
杨真
ZHANG Xin-yu;YANG Li-juan;WANG Ye-di;YAO Lan;GUAN Zhi-hao;YANG Zhen(College of Lang and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 1100866,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期659-666,共8页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
辽宁省特聘教授项目(01062920001)
辽宁省科学研究经费-服务地方项目和国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201004)资助。
关键词
秸秆
黄瓜
产量构成因素
温室
化肥减施
Straw
Cucumber
Yield component
Greenhouse
Fertilizer reduction
