摘要
旅游文明是国家软实力的重要体现和展现国家形象的重要方面。从社会与心理双重视角来看,现代性与去个性化是引发游客不文明旅游行为的重要因素。个体为逃离现代性而参与旅游活动,在现代性作用下,游客的真我疏离感、人际疏离感、社会疏离感会形成求解脱心理、占有意识及后现代性诉求未满足感,从而导致游客不文明旅游现象。在群体中匿名的游客参与旅游活动时,群体性与匿名性会产生去个性化效应,致使游客自我意识减弱、群体意识增强,很可能遵循群体规则,效仿其他游客的不文明旅游行为。因此,应不断满足游客的愉悦性、个性化和体验性等需求,缓解游客的多重疏离感;积极发挥意见领袖的作用,增强游客的自我察觉,弱化去个性化效应,强化文明旅游宣传的示范引领,有效引导游客实施文明旅游行为,营造文明、健康和绿色的旅游氛围,促进新时期我国文化与旅游业的高质量发展。
The civilized behavior of tourists is an important embodiment of a country’s soft power and a major contributor to national image.From the dual perspectives of society and psychology,modernity and deindividuation are signifi cant factors which may give rise to uncivilized behavior on the part of tourists.Individuals participate in tourism activities in the hope of escaping from modernity.Under the pressure of modernity,individuals’sense of self-alienation,interpersonal alienation and social alienation is turned into a need for relief,a sense of possessiveness and of dissatisfaction,which lead to the development of uncivilized behavior.Participation in tourism activities may provide individuals with a sense of anonymity.This sense of collectiveness and anonymity may bring about a deindividuation eff ect,which tends to weaken self-consciousness and enhance group consciousness.Consequently,tourists are likely to follow group norms and imitate some uncivilized behavior.We should therefore strive to meet tourists’needs for pleasure,individuality,and experience,and to alleviate their sense of alienation.We should actively play the role of opinion leaders,enhance tourists’self-awareness,weaken the effect of deindividuation,promote tourism through publicity,and encourage tourists to maintain civilized behavior.This will not only help to create a healthy atmosphere for civilized and green tourism,but also provide a decision-making reference for promoting the development of high-quality tourism in China.
作者
刘佳
滕金凌
LIU Jia;TENG Jinling(Management College,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Institute of Marine Development,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《旅游导刊》
2022年第3期42-61,共20页
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“‘双循环’新格局下我国海洋旅游业高质量发展与响应机制研究”(项目编号:21BGL021)
山东省自然科学基金项目“山东省旅游产业绿色创新效率空间网络结构与形成机制”(项目编号:ZR202102200015)资助。
关键词
不文明旅游行为
文明旅游
现代性
去个性化
uncivilized behavior
civilized tourist manners
modernity
deindividuation
