摘要
目的分析2015—2020年重庆市汽车制造业重点职业病危害因素监测结果,了解重点职业病危害因素浓(强)度变化趋势,为汽车制造业职业病防治策略出台提供依据。方法收集2015—2020年重庆市汽车制造业工作场所重点职业病危害因素监测数据,并对数据进行分析。结果2015—2020年重庆市汽车制造业职业病危害因素监测点数13456点次,合格点数11392点次,合格率为84.7%,6年间职业病危害因素总体合格率随年份推移呈增高趋势(P<0.05);重点粉尘浓度总体合格率为90.5%,粉尘浓度合格率随年份呈上升趋势(P<0.05),矽尘浓度合格率最低,为58.1%,其中2017年合格率最低,为20.0%,其次是电焊烟尘和其他粉尘,矽尘时间加权平均容许浓度(exposure concentration of time weighted average,CTWA)最高为6.06 mg/m^(3);重点化学因素总体合格率为98.1%,重点化学因素浓度合格率随年份呈上升趋势(P<0.05),锰及其化合物总体合格率最低,为93.7%,其次是甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(toluene-2,4-diisocyanate,TDI)、甲醛,苯浓度合格率为99.0%,最高浓度在2019年,C_(TWA)为43.1 mg/m^(3);噪声总体合格率为72.4%,且随年份推移呈升高趋势(P<0.05),紫外线、高温、振动等其他物理因素合格率为100.0%。结论矽尘、噪声、锰及其化合物是2015—2020年重庆市汽车制造业主要职业病危害因素,通过汽车制造业专项治理活动,职业病危害得到一定的控制,在现有防控基础上仍应积极采取工程技术措施、做好个人防护措施。
Objective To analyze the monitoring results of key occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing industry in Chongqing from 2015-2020,understand the dynamic trends of the concentration(intensity)of the key occupational hazards,and provide evidence for the development of the prevention and control strategy of occupational diseases in automobile manufacturing industry.Methods The monitoring data of key occupational hazards in the workplace of Chongqing automobile manufacturing enterprises from 2015-2020 were collected and analyzed.Results From 2015-2020,13456 points were monitored for the occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing industry in Chongqing,and 11392 points were qualified with the qualified rate of 84.7%.In the six years,the overall qualified rate of occupational hazard factors showed an increasing trend with the passage of years(P<0.05).The overall qualified rate of key dust concentration was 90.5%,and the qualified rate of dust concentration showed a decreasing trend by the year(P<0.05).The qualified rate of silica dust concentration was the lowest at 58.1%,of which qualified rate in 2017 was the lowest(20.0%),followed by welding fumes and other dusts.The highest exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA))for silica dust was 6.06 mg/m^(3).The overall qualified rate of key chemical factors was 98.1%,and the qualified rate of key chemical factors showed a decreasing trend with the year(P<0.05).The overall qualified rate of manganese and its compounds was the lowest at 93.7%,followed by toluene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI)and formaldehyde.The qualified rate of benzene concentration was 99.0%,the highest concentration was 99.0%in 2015,and the C_(TWA)was 7.4 mg/m^(3).The overall qualified rate of noise was 72.4%,and it showed an upward trend over the years(P<0.05).The qualified rates of other physical factors such as ultraviolet rays,high temperature and vibration were 100.0%.Conclusion Silica dust,noise,manganese and their compounds are the main occupational hazards of automobile manufacturing industry in Chongqing from 2015-2020,the occupational hazards have been controlled to a certain extent by the special treatment activities in the automobile manufacturing industry,and it is necessary to actively take engineering and technical measures as well as personal protective measures on the basis of existing prevention and control.
作者
陈凤琼
李小平
冉瑞红
CHEN Feng-qiong;LI Xiao-ping;RAN Rui-hong(Occupational Health and Radiation Health Center,Chongqing Center for Disease Control ahd Prevention,Chongqing,400042,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2022年第9期1157-1161,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
重庆市卫生计生委医学科研项目(2017MSXM002)。
关键词
汽车制造
职业病危害
监测
Automobile manufacturing
Occupational hazards
Monitoring
