摘要
积极推动农业转移人口落户城镇是新型城镇化建设的重点任务。随着多数流入地城市落户门槛的降低和人口流动模式的改变,农业转移人口户籍迁移决策的影响因素从单一制度门槛向人口多元需求转变。本文从家庭决策的视角构建中国农业转移人口户籍迁移的分析框架,重点关注城乡权益交换对户籍迁移家庭化的影响。基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据的实证研究发现,农业转移人口户籍迁移的决策主体是家庭,决策目标是家庭利益最大化,决策机制是户籍关联的城市和乡村权益间的权衡。具体地,户籍迁移存在“家庭团聚效应”,即夫妻一方获取城市户口会提升另一方落户城市的主观意愿。农村三权都存在降低户籍迁移意愿的“滞留效应”;同时,更多的农村权益意味着乡-城权益互换的成本提升,如果夫妻一方已经获得城市户口,另一方落户城市带来的权益增长将远低于放弃农村户口的权益损失,导致多数农业转移人口家庭在利益权衡之下选择“城乡分离”的户籍策略以实现城乡权益的总和最大化,最终户籍迁移呈现出逆家庭化的特征。
Promoting the rural-urban Hukou transfer of internal migrants is a crucial task in China′s New-Type Urbanization scheme.Along with the lowering threshold of acquiring a local Hukou in most cities and the changing patterns of internal migration,the decision of ruralurban Hukou transfer has no longer depended merely on the institutional gap between urban and rural areas,but also reflected the growing and diversifying needs of migrants.This article developed a novel analytical framework for understanding the rural-urban Hukou transfer intention from a family strategy perspective and by emphasizing the crucial role played by rural rights.Based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)data,this article found that the basic unit of the decision on rural-urban Hukou transfer is the entire family of migrants;the decision mechanism is a trade-off between benefits attached to rural and urban Hukou of migrant family members;and the main goal is to maximize the total benefits in the hometown and destination,instead of realizing the stable settlement and reunion in the host city of the entire family.The conclusions are as follows.(1)For a couple,one′s possession of urban Hukou will decrease the spouse′s likelihood of holding a rural-urban Hukou transfer intention,which can be termed as the"benefit-ceiling effect"because the potential gain of the spouse′s Hukou transfer is much less for these families than their benefit loss by giving up the rural Hukou and the adherent rural rights.Hence,most migrant families have chosen an"urban-rural separation"Hukou strategy to maximize their benefits from two sides.Eventually,the ruralurban Hukou transfer of China′s internal migrants is characterized by"anti-familization".(2)The rural-urban Hukou transfer intention of migrants has also been hindered by the"retention effect"of threefold rural rights.Specifically,the rights of farmland contracting,housing land occupation,and collective benefits sharing in their rural homeland have decreased the tendency of rural-urban Hukou transfer.(3)Rural rights have negative moderating effects on the familization of migrants′rural-urban Hukou transfer,which have overshadowed the"family reunion effect"and resulted in an overall trend of anti-familization.To be specific,one′s intention to rural-urban Hukou transfer will be enhanced by the spouse′s local Hukou,which can be described as the"family reunion effect".Considering the moderating effects of rural rights,however,more than half of migrant families would like to maintain the separation strategy of the Hukou status among family members.
作者
陈思创
曹广忠
刘涛
CHEN Sichuang;CAO Guangzhong;LIU Tao(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Center for Urban Future Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1227-1244,共18页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41801146)
国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD173)
英国研究与创新基金会全球挑战研究基金项目课题(ES/P011055/1)。
关键词
农业转移人口
户籍迁移
农村三权
家庭化
市民化
rural-urban migrants
Hukou transfer
rural rights
familization
citizenship
