摘要
城市应急避难场所责任区划分对提高灾民疏散效率和保障灾民生命安全具有重要意义。该文综合考虑路网可达性、避难场所建设成本和承载容量等多因素,耦合地理信息系统(GIS)位置分配中的最小化设施点模型和最大化有容量限制的覆盖范围模型,构建城市应急避难场所选址和责任区划分方案,并以昆明市中心区域为例进行实证分析与模型验证。结果表明:研究区域的应急避难场所数量存在最优值,根据政府建设成本最小及避难需求分配区域利用率最高,确立了研究区域最佳应急避难场所为9个;政府需要对篆塘公园进行容量扩建,并将五华广场和胜利广场一同启用,才能使整个研究区域的避难服务效果达到最佳;其对应的避难场所责任区可划定为8个。该研究结果可对城市突发事件应急决策和救援提供支持。
The locations of urban emergency shelters are important for improving the evacuation efficiency and safety of the local population. This paper considered various factors such as the road network accessibility, shelter construction costs, and carrying population capacity on the emergency shelter utilization with the shelter locations determined based on the minimization facility model and the maximization coverage model with capacity constraints in a geographic information system(GIS) location-allocation model. The model was used to divide up the central area of Kunming as an example for empirical analyses. The results give an optimal number of 9 emergency shelters in the study area based on the minimum construction cost and the highest utilization rate of the emergency shelters. The results also show that the government needs to expand the capacity of Zhuantang Park and open both Wuhua Square and Victory Square as emergency shelters to create the best evacuation service for this study area. The total evacuation responsibility area can then be divided into 8 regions. These results provide support for emergency decision-making and rescue programs during urban emergencies.
作者
吕伟
李承旭
马亚萍
Lü Wei;LI Chengxu;MA Yaping(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1102-1109,共8页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072286)。
关键词
应急避难场所
责任区
地理信息系统(GIS)
位置分配
emergency shelter
responsibility area
geographic information system(GIS)
location-allocation
