摘要
癌症是世界上第二大死亡原因,其每年的发病率都很高。尽管现有的治疗方法在过去十年中取得了重大进展。但是由于现有多数抗肿瘤药物具有非特异性细胞毒性、生物相容性差和生物利用度低等缺点,导致化疗等方法的治疗效果较差。外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的囊泡,具有磷脂双层结构和纳米颗粒大小。它具有良好的生物相容性、高稳定性和良好的靶向性。在癌症治疗中,外泌体作为一种潜在有效的药物递送系统已经引起越来越多的关注。本文综述了外泌体作为靶向肿瘤药物载体的设计策略,并试图为基于外泌体的纳米载体在各种肿瘤治疗中的应用提供新的见解。
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world,and the incidence rate of cancer remains high every year.Although existing treatments have made significant progress in the past decade,due to the non-specific cytotoxicity,poor biocompatibility and low bioavailability of existing anti-tumor drugs,the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy and other methods is poor.Exosomes are membrane vesicles secreted by various kinds of cells with phospholipid bilayer structure and nano particle size(30~100 nm).Exosomes are the media of information exchange and material transportation between cells,carrying proteins,lipids,nucleic acids and other substances of host cells.With the in-depth study of exosomes,their application is more and more widespread.In the process of intercellular communication,exosomes can regulate the biological response of target cells,which may promote or inhibit disease.They have good biocompatibility,high stability and excellent targetability.Exosomes serving as potentially effective drug delivery systems in cancer treatment have attracted increasing attention.In order to enhance the therapeutic effect of exosomes and reduce the toxicity of drugs to normal cells,it is necessary to improve the targetability of exosomes.Researchers try to customize exosomes with different targeting categories and abilities by modifying exosomes in various ways,which endows exosomes with broad prospects in the field of targeted therapy of tumors.This review highlights the design strategy of exosomes as drug carriers to target tumors,and tries to provide new insights of exosomes-based nanocarriers in various tumor treatment.Besides,this review mainly introduces the biogenesis of exosomes,the physiological function of exosomes and their separation methods.Particular attention is paid to the design strategy of engineered exosomes targeting tumors,including using exosomes from different sources,different surface modification methods and different stimuli-responsive exosomes.Finally,we summarize and discuss the progress of exosomes as drug carriers to solid tumors,and the deficiencies of exosomes in clinical application.
作者
陈晓峰
王开元
梁芳铭
姜睿祺
孙进
Xiaofeng Chen;Kaiyuan Wang;Fangming Liang;Ruiqi Jiang;Jin Sun(Wuya College of Innovation,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,China)
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期773-786,共14页
Progress in Chemistry
