摘要
氮肥是马铃薯生产中用量较大的肥料之一,其在增加马铃薯产量方面具有不可替代的作用。但由于种植者盲目追求高产,氮肥施用量连年增加,进而导致土壤养分失衡、马铃薯病害发生加剧、马铃薯产量和品质不断下降。为探究施氮量与马铃薯产量及晚疫病发生的关系,田间采用随机区组设计,对抗晚疫病品种‘丽薯10号’、中抗晚疫病品种‘青薯9号’和感晚疫病品种‘中甸红’分别施加15,20,25,30和35 kg/667m^(2)的氮,观察不同施氮量对马铃薯晚疫病及产量的影响。结果表明,不同品种马铃薯在同一施氮水平下,晚疫病发病率、产量不同。‘丽薯10号’晚疫病抗性最强、产量最高,其次为‘青薯9号’、最差为‘中甸红’。同一马铃薯品种随着氮肥施用量的增加,晚疫病发病率逐渐增加、产量和经济效益逐渐降低。随着施氮量的增加,‘丽薯10号’2017年晚疫病病情指数由0.47增加到0.67,产量从1593 kg/667m^(2)减少到1196 kg/667m^(2),2018年晚疫病病情指数由0.17增加到0.22,产量从1978 kg/667m^(2)减少到1805 kg/667m^(2);‘青薯9号’2017年晚疫病病情指数由0.64增加到0.82,产量从1256 kg/667m^(2)减少到749 kg/667m^(2),2018年晚疫病病情指数由0.58增加到0.73,产量从1197 kg/667m^(2)减少到753 kg/667m^(2);‘中甸红’2017年晚疫病病情指数由0.69增加到0.92,产量从1000 kg/667m^(2)减少到499 kg/667m^(2),2018年晚疫病病情指数由0.80增加到0.88,产量从575 kg/667m^(2)减少到351 kg/667m^(2)。试验初步阐明了施氮量与晚疫病的发病规律,明确了当地适宜种植品种及最佳施氮量。
Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most widely used fertilizers in potato production,and it has an irreplaceable role in increasing potato yield.However,due to the blind pursuit of high yield by growers,the application of nitrogen fertilizers has increased year by year,which in turn leads to soil nutrient imbalance,aggravation of potato diseases,and continuous decline in potato yield and quality.In this research,in order to explore the relationship between nitrogen application rate,and potato yield and occurrence of late blight,late blight resistant variety’Lishu 10’,late blight medium-resistant variety’Qingshu 9’and late blight susceptible variety’Zhongdianhong’were applied with nitrogen of 15,20,25,30,and 35 kg/667m^(2),respectively,and effects of different nitrogen application rates on potato late blight and yield were investigated in a randomized complete block design.The incidence of late blight and yield were different in different potato varieties under the same nitrogen application rate.’Lishu 10’had high resistance to late blight and high yield,followed by’Qingshu 9’and’Zhongdianhong’.With the increase in nitrogen application rate,the incidence rate of late blight increased,but yield and economic benefits gradually decreased.With the increase in nitrogen application rate,in 2017 the late blight disease index of’Lishu 10’increased from 0.47 to 0.67,and the yield decreased from 1593 kg/667m^(2)to 1196 kg/667m^(2);in 2018 the late blight disease index increased from 0.17 to 0.22,and the yield decreased from 1978 kg/667m^(2)to 1805 kg/667m^(2).In 2017 the late blight disease index of’Qingshu 9increased from 0.64 to 0.82,and the yield decreased from 1256 kg/667m^(2)to 749 kg/667m^(2);in 2018 the late blight disease index increased from 0.58 to 0.73,and the yield decreased from 1197 kg/667m^(2)to 753 kg/667m^(2).In 2017 the late blight disease index of’Zhongdianhong’increased from 0.69 to 0.92,and the yield decreased from 1000 kg/667m^(2)to 499 kg/667m^(2);in 2018 the late blight disease index increased from 0.80 to 0.88,and the yield decreased from 575 kg/667m^(2)to 351 kg/667m^(2).This experiment preliminarily clarifies the relationship between nitrogen application rate and the incidence of late blight,and indicates the local suitable planting varieties and the optimal nitrogen application rate.
作者
和习琼
和晓堂
和平根
石涛
李光达
王菊英
HE Xiqiong;HE Xiaotang;HE Pinggen;SHI Tao;LI Guangda;WANG Juying(Lijiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lijiang,Yunnan 674100,China)
出处
《中国马铃薯》
2022年第2期141-146,共6页
Chinese Potato Journal
基金
国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-09-ES26)。
关键词
马铃薯
施氮量
晚疫病
产量
potato
nitrogen application rate
late blight
yield
