摘要
燃煤电厂烟气脱硫过程和冶炼污酸的中和过程均产生以二水硫酸钙为主要成分的固体废物,前者称为烟气脱硫石膏,后者通常称为石膏渣。烟气脱硫石膏在建筑材料、生产化工原料、固定二氧化碳、环境治理和土壤修复等方面得到了有益的应用,但冶金行业石膏渣因含有砷、铜、铅、铬等有害元素而利用困难,通常其处置方法有固化/稳定化处置、高温熔融处置、回收有价金属和作为熔剂造渣等。结合国内外烟气脱硫石膏及冶炼石膏渣综合处置的最新研究成果,全面阐述两者的综合利用现状。分析了两类石膏渣处置与利用技术的优缺点,探讨了应用中存在的一些问题与不足,并提出了建议与展望。未来烟气脱硫石膏的研究重点是以减量化、高值化、扩大脱硫石膏高值化利用规模为主,以开发高附加值产品为辅,提高综合利用率;冶炼行业石膏渣的无害化、资源化利用技术,如污酸中和过程中硫酸钙晶型调控、火法−湿法协同处理以及熔炼造渣等是未来的发展方向。
The flue gas desulfurization process of coal-fired power plants and the neutralization process of smelting acid wastewater are accompanied by the generation of solid waste with calcium sulfate dihydrate as the main component.The former is called flue gas desulfurization gypsum(FGDG),whereas the latter is usually termed as gypsum slag.FGDG has been used in various ways,such as in building materials,production of chemical raw materials,carbon dioxide sequestration,environmental treatment,and soil remediation.Gypsum slag is difficult to use because it contains arsenic,copper,lead,chromium,and other harmful elements.The usual treatment methods are solidification/stabilization treatment,high-temperature melting treatment,recovery of valuable metals,and the use of slagging agents.Combined with the latest research results on their comprehensive treatment,the utilization status of FGDG and gypsum slag was comprehensively described.This paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of disposal and utilization technology,discussed several problems and deficiencies existing in their application,and put forward suggestions.Future research should focus on FGDG minimization,expansion of the high-value utilization scale,and development of high value-added products to improve the comprehensive utilization rate.The technologies of harmless and resource utilization of gypsum slag,such as calcium-sulfate crystal regulation,pyrometallurgical wet synergistic treatment,and the use of slagging agents,are the future development directions.
作者
潘祖超
焦芬
覃文庆
张添富
阮博文
PAN Zu-chao;JIAO Fen;QIN Wen-qing;ZHANG Tian-fu;RUAN Bo-wen(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《中国有色金属学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1391-1402,共12页
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFC1909203)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51904339,52074355,51974364)
战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室(2018TP1002)。
关键词
烟气脱硫石膏
石膏渣
污酸中和渣
中和污泥
无害化处置
综合利用
flue gas desulfurization gypsum
gypsum slag
sewage acid neutralizing residue
neutralization sludge
harmless disposal
comprehensive utilization
