摘要
目的对深圳市一起学校水痘暴发疫情进行现场流行病学调查和分析,了解疫情暴发的传播因素和水痘疫苗接种情况,为水痘疫情防控提供参考依据。方法采用现场流行病学、自行设计的问卷和电话访谈,对病例和病例关联的校内外学生、老师、家属和邻居等进行回顾性调查,通过描述性流行病学和回顾性队列研究分析疫情暴发的传播因素和水痘疫苗接种情况。结果深圳市一起学校水痘暴发疫情共报告7例病例,均为A小学一(5)班学生,班级罹患率为14.58%(7/48),其中男、女生罹患率分别为17.24%(5/29)、10.53%(2/19),差异无统计学意义(Fisher′s精确检验,P>0.05);病例临床症状均为出疹,传染源来自家庭,在班级内接触导致第二代病例发病高峰;接种不同剂次水痘疫苗的病例罹患率随接种剂次增加呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.119,P<0.05),其中接种1剂次罹患风险是接种2剂次的4.9倍(95%CI:1.6~14.9)。结论该事件为深圳市一起学校班级内接触传播的水痘暴发疫情,2剂次水痘疫苗接种能够降低水痘传播风险,减少学校水痘暴发疫情的病例数,从而避免公共卫生问题的产生。
Objective To understand the transmission factors of the outbreak and the situation of varicella vaccination through the field epidemiological investigation on the outbreak of varicella in a school in Shenzhen,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of varicella epidemic.Methods The methods including field epidemiology,self-designed questionnaire and telephone survey were applied to retrospectively investigate the cases and the students,teachers,family members and neighbors associated with the cases.The transmission factors for epidemic outbreak and situation of varicella vaccination were analyzed through descriptive epidemiology and retrospective cohort study.Results A total of 7 cases were reported in the outbreak of varicella in a school of Shenzhen,and all the cases were students from Class 1(5)of the A primary school.The prevalence rate of students in the class was 14.58%(7/48),the prevalence rates of male and female patients were 17.24%(5/29)and 10.53%(2/19),respectively,and difference was not statistically significant(Fisher′s exact test,P>0.05).The clinical symptoms of all the cases were featured with rash,the infection was sourced from families,and contact within the class led to the peak of incidence of second-generation cases.The prevalence of varicella vaccines in patients receiving different doses of varicella vaccine showed a decreasing trend with the increase in the dose,the difference was statistically significant(χ;~2=46.119,P<0.05),and the risk of one dose was 4.9 times higher than that of two doses(95%CI:1.6-14.9).Conclusion The event is an outbreak of varicella spread by contact within the class in the school.Two doses of varicella vaccine vaccinated may reduce the risk of varicella transmission,decrease varicella cases breaking out in the school,and thereby avoid the occurrence of public health problems.
作者
彭清琴
谢旭
吴泰顺
吴晓亮
夏天龙
唐广心
PENG Qing-qin;XIE Xu;WU Tai-shun;WU Xiao-liang;XIA Tian-long;TANG Guang-xin(Fuyong Health Inspection Institute of Bao’an District,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518103,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2022年第7期692-695,共4页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目(SZSM202011008)
深圳市医学重点学科项目(SZXK064)。
关键词
水痘
暴发疫情
流行病学
免疫接种
罹患率
调查
分析
Varicella
Outbreak
Epidemiology
Vaccination
Prevalence rate
Investigation
Analysis
