摘要
“他者”“自我”在中国历史上蕴含着正统与否的意义,“自我”通过对“他者”的识别来确认自我权力的合理建构。中国古代历史书写中无论是血缘族群还是文化族群,政治集团还是社会阶级,都无不自觉地表现出“他者”与“自我”的辨识,并由此建构起相互认同和拒斥的此疆彼界。在诸如“华夏”政权与“四夷”、分裂时期的“自我”与“敌国”、对边缘地区记录的历史笔记,以及政权正统性与否的争议、学术史叙述中的“正统”与“异端”、历史书写中呈现性别之表述,乃至人与自然之关系等方面,无不可以捕捉到因以“自我”为中心立场发出的对于“他者”的“凝视”而形成的书写视角,甚至为了现实目的,将“我”的历史嫁接到某个“他者”的历史中,将“他者”的故事讲成“我”的故事,从而完成“我”之合法性、合理性的政治和文化诉求。经过现代历史认识理论的洗礼,人们对史学家的工作以及这一工作的特点与局限有了深刻认识,其中诸如“从域外看中国”的提出与研究实践、“史料批判”意识的提出与实践等,都可寻觅到对历史知识生产过程中“自我”与“他者”关系的关注。但从国内史学研究的现实情况看,历史叙事书写中“自我”与“他者”的二元关系仍有必要进一步强调。只有建立对历史研究中这二者关系的自觉意识,才有可能建立起对史料更为自觉的批判意识,透过史事叙述语言捕捉、还原背后的那个“自我”立场及对“他者”叙述的真实性,从而将史学的求真工作向前更推进一步。有鉴于此,我们特邀北京师范大学向燕南教授策划组织了此组文章,从不同的角度、就不同的问题,阐述关于“自我”“他者”的最新理解。
"Otherness" and " Self" mean orthodoxy and unorthodoxy in Chinese history. " Self" confirms rational construction of its power through the recognition of " Otherness". In the writing of ancient Chinese history,the identification of " Otherness" and "Self" was consciously reflected no matter in blood groups or cultural groups,political groups or social classes,and the boundary of mutual identification and rejection were thus constructed. In many aspects such as Chinese regime and aboriginal tribes or minority nationalities,regime in power and victory country, " Self" in split time and " hostile country",historical notes on marginal areas,controversy over the legitimacy of the regime, " orthodoxy" and " heresy" in the narrative of academic history,the representation of gender in historical writing,and the relationship between man and nature,we can capture the writing perspective formed by " Gazing" the " Otherness" from the " Self" as the central position. It can be seen that for realistic purposes,ancient people even grafted the history of " Self" into the history of " Otherness",and told the story of the " Otherness" as the story of " Self". After the ablution of modern historical cognition theory,people have a profound understanding of the work of historians and the characteristics and limitations of this work. Among them,such as the proposal and practice of " looking at China from outside the region" and the consciousness of " historical criticism",we can find attention to the relationship between " Self" and " Otherness" in historical knowledge production. However,it is still necessary to further emphasize the dualistic relationship between " Self" and " Otherness" in historical narrative writing. Only by establishing a conscious awareness of the relationship between the two in historical research can we establish a more conscious critical awareness of historical materials,and capture and restore the " Self" position behind and the authenticity of the narration of " Otherness" through the narrative language of historical events,so as to further advance the truth-seeking work of historiography. In view of this,we specially invite Professor Xiang Yannan from Beijing Normal University to organize this series of articles to expound the latest understanding of "Self" and " Otherness" from different perspectives and on different issues.
出处
《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期96-99,128,共5页
Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“辽朝北疆治理研究”(项目编号:2020M680429)
2020年度吉林省社会科学基金项目(博士和青年扶持项目)“辽朝节镇体制与地方治理模式”(项目编号:2020C127)
辽宁省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“渤海遗裔与辽金社会治理”(项目编号:WJ2020002)。
