摘要
【目的】进一步明确在江西及相似产区开发低焦碱比优质烟叶的施肥措施。【方法】以云烟87为供试品种,开展大田试验,研究施氮量、不同基肥施用方式对烤烟产质、烟气常规指标、感官评吸质量的影响。【结果】基肥施用方式对烤烟下部叶最大叶长、最大叶宽的影响达到极显著水平,施氮量对株高、茎围、节距、下部叶最大叶长和最大叶宽、中部叶最大叶长、上部叶最大叶宽的影响极显著。同一施氮量水平,与穴施相比,基肥条施处理产量、产值降幅分别为4.9%~6.5%、4.4%~8.4%,均价、上等烟比例、中部烟比例有所增加,随着施氮量的降低,增幅变小;中、上部烟叶烟碱含量比常规施肥分别增加1.71%、1.73%,总氮含量分别提升0.26%、0.31%,基肥条施更有利于烟碱含量的提升。烤烟中、上部叶焦碱比变幅分别为8.1~9.2、6.2~6.9,明显低于常规施肥的12.0、8.3,感官评吸质量均达到“一般”档次。【结论】在“早打顶、少留叶、晚采收”栽培措施下,采用基肥条施,施氮量120 kg/hm^(2)更有助于在江西及相似产区生产低焦碱比优质烟叶。
【Objective】The study aimed to further clarify the key fertilization measures for developing high-quality tobacco leaves with low tar-nicotine ratio in Jiangxi and similar production areas.【Method】A field experiment was carried out with Yunyan 87 as the test variety to study the effects of nitrogen application rates and different base fertilizer application methods on the yield and quality,conventional flue gas indexes and sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】The basal fertilizer application methods had extremely significant effects on maximum length and width of lower leaf of flue-cured tobacco,while the nitrogen application rates had extremely significant effects on plant height,stem girth,pitch,maximum length and width of lower leaf,maximum length and width of middle leaf and maximum width of upper leaf.At the same nitrogen application level,compared with hole application,the yield and output value of basal fertilizer drill application decreased by 4.9%-6.5%and 4.4%-8.4%,respectively,and the average price,the proportion of superior tobacco and the proportion of middle tobacco increased.With the decrease of nitrogen application,the increasing range gradually decreased.Compared with conventional fertilization,nicotine contents in middle and upper tobaccos were increased by 1.71%and 1.73%,and total nitrogen contents were increased by 0.26%and 0.31%,respectively.Drill application of basal fertilizer was more conducive to the increase of nicotine content.The ratios of tar to nicotine in the middle and upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco were 8.1-9.2 and 6.2-6.9,respectively,which were significantly lower than those(12.0 and 8.3)of conventional fertilization,and the sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco reached the“general”grade.【Conclusion】Under the cultivation measures of“topping early,leaving less leaves and harvesting late”,the drill application of basal fertilizer with an amount of nitrogen of 120 kg/hm^(2) is more conductive to the development of high-quality tobacco leaves with low tar-nicotine ratio in Jiangxi and similar production areas.
作者
王念磊
汤朝起
秦言敏
焦绍赫
沈晗
张海伟
潘建国
何宽信
WANG Nianlei;TANG Chaoqi;QIN Yanmin;JIAO Shaohe;SHEN Han;ZHANG Haiwei;PAN Jianguo;HE Kuanxin(Tobacco Science Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330025,China;Shanghai Tobacco(Group)Corp.,Shanghai 200082,China;Lichuan Branch of Fuzhou Tobacco Company,Lichuan 344600,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2022年第5期65-74,共10页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
上海烟草集团低焦碱比优质烟叶开发项目(2018310001)
江西省烟草专卖局(公司)科技项目江西烤烟提质增香栽培关键技术研究(赣烟司[2017]66号)。
关键词
烤烟
焦碱比
施氮量
产量
品质
感官质量
flue-cured tobacco
tar-nicotine ratio
nitrogen application rate
production
quality
sensory quality
