3Bakhtin, M. M. The Dialogic Imagination ; Four Essays [ M ]. Michael Holquist, Caryl Emerson and MichaelHolquist (Trans. ) . Austin and London: University of Texas Press[ written during the 1930s] , 1981 ( 1930s).
4Bateman, J., Delin, J. & R. Henschel. Multimodality and empiricism: Preparing for a corpus-based approachto the study of multimodal meaning-making [ A] . Yentola, E., Charles, C. & Kaltenbacher, M. Perspectives onMultimodality [ C ]. Amsterdam : John Benjamins, 2004. 65 - 87.
5Bernstein,B. Class,Codes and Control, Volume 1: Theoretical Studies Towards a Sociology of Language [ M ].London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971.
6Caballero, R. Cutting across the senses : Imagery in winespeak and audiovisual promotion [A]. Force ville, C.& E. Urios-Aparisi. Multimodal Metaphor [ C] . Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009. 73 - 94.
7El Refaie, E. Metaphor in political cartoons: Exploring audience responses [A]. Forceville, C. & Urios-Apari-si ,E. Multimodal Metaphor [ C]. Berlin/New York : Mouton de Gruyter,2009. 173 - 196.
8Forceville, C. Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising [M], London: Routledge, 1996.
9Forceville, C. Addressing an audience: Time, place, and Genre in Peter van Straaten’ s calendar cartoons[J]. Humor, 2005,(18) : 247-278.
10Forceville, C. Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: Agendas for research [A].Kristiansen, M. Chard, R. Driven & F. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanes. Cognitive Linguistics : Current Applications andFuture Perspectives [ C] . Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006. 379 -402.