摘要
人口问题影响整个国家的经济发展和社会安定。受生育观念影响,中国迎来低出生率时代。基于对广东潮汕地区的质性访谈,发现传统的生育观念受到社会结构变迁的影响,“多生”和“偏爱男孩”的传统生育观念弱化。教育成本昂贵是如今人们选择“少生”的一个重要原因,但家族组织松散、阶层分化及“空心村”现象推动了农村地区生育观念的变迁:(1)农村家族组织松散化使得宗族活动大大削减,礼治秩序、香火传承和重男轻女观念弱化;(2)社会分层改变了村民价值观和乡村舆论,贫富对比使一些人开始认为有钱比“多子多福”来得实在;(3)“空心村”使家庭亲自照料的“养儿防老”成为空谈,不管男孩女孩长大后都在外读书工作,村民开始攀比子女物质上的支持,而非生儿子数量的多寡。
The population issue affects the economic development and social stability of the whole country.Influenced by fertility perceptions,China has ushered in an era of low birth rates.Based on qualitative interviews conducted in the Chaoshan region of Guangdong province,it is found that traditional fertility perceptions have been affected by social structural changes,and the traditional fertility perceptions of“having more children”and“preferring boys”have weakened.The high cost of education is an important reason why people choose to have fewer children today,but the loosening of family organization,stratification and the phenomenon of“hollow villages”have contributed to the change in fertility perceptions in rural areas:(1)the loosening of family organization in rural areas has greatly diminished clan activities,the order of rites,the perceptions of extending the family line and the preference for sons;(2)social stratification has changed villagers’values and rural public opinion,and the contrast between the rich and the poor has led some people to believe that having money is more realistic than“having more children”;(3)“hollow villages”have made the idea of“raising children to provide for the old age”an empty talk,and as both boys and girls grow up to study and work away from home,villagers begin to compare the material support of their children rather than the number of sons they have.
作者
阮极
蔡欣晴
RUAN Ji;CAI Xin-qing(College of Sociology,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025;College of Politics and Law,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou,Guangdong,521041)
出处
《韩山师范学院学报》
2022年第4期35-45,共11页
Journal of Hanshan Normal University
关键词
生育观念
社会分层
文化资本
教育成本
空心村
fertility perceptions
social stratification
cultural capital
cost of education
hollow villages
