摘要
接种疫苗是预防流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)最有效、最经济的方法,在过去几十年,随着疫苗的广泛使用,流脑发病率显著下降。目前在中国上市的疫苗主要包括A、C、W、Y群单价和多价多糖脑膜炎球菌疫苗(MPV),A、C群多糖脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗(MPCV-AC)以及A、C群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合b型流感嗜血杆菌结合联合疫苗(MPCV-AC-hib)。纵观我国脑膜炎球菌疫苗近50年的发展历程,在疫苗生产、质量控制以及相关研究方面均取得了显著成绩,但仍然面临着流脑疾病负担被低估、脑膜炎球菌疫苗免疫策略尚未完善、不同厂家脑膜炎球菌疫苗免疫程序不统一、无B群脑膜炎球菌疫苗上市等问题和挑战,为此应不断提高流脑监测手段及系统开展流脑疾病负担评价的研究以助力我国脑膜炎球菌疫苗免疫策略和免疫程序的完善,并针对流脑血清群高度可变和易发生抗原漂移的特性通过基因重组等技术研发出免疫力更长、保护效果更好的可预防所有血清群流脑的通用性疫苗。
Vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent meningococcal meningitis.In the past few decades,with widespread use of meningococcal vaccines,the incidence of meningococcal meningitis has dropped significantly.There are some vaccines available in Chinese markets,of which mainly included groups A,C,W,and Y monovalent and multivalent polysaccharide meningococcal vaccines(MPV),group A and C polysaccharide meningococcal conjugated vaccines(MPCV-AC),and meningococcal groups A and C and haemophilus b conjugate vaccine(MPCV-AChib).With the nearly 50 years of development of meningococcal vaccines in China,significant achievements have been made in vaccine production,quality control,and related research,but the burden of meningococcal disease is still underestimated;the meningococcal vaccine immunization strategy has not been perfected;meningococcal vaccines from different manufacturers have inconsistent immunization procedures and no group B meningococcal vaccines are available in the market.Therefore,it is suggested that meningococcal monitoring methods should be continuously improved and research on meningococcal disease burden should be carried out for facilitating the improvement of meningococcal vaccine immunization procedures and strategy.Furthermore,considering the serogroup highly variable and antigen drift characteristics of Neisseria meningitides,a vaccine with longer immunity and better protection effect should be developed by using genetic recombination and other technologies.
作者
徐颖华
李亚南
叶强
XU Ying-hua;LI Ya-nan;YE Qiang(Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products,National Institute for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629,China)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期948-951,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA02A402)
医学微生物资源子平台运行与服务(NIMR-2020)。
