摘要
于2019年8月份,在山西省交城县关帝山国家森林公园设置3个海拔梯度(1800、2000、2200 m),各海拔梯度分为半阴坡、半阳坡2个坡向,根据不同海拔梯度和不同坡向共设置6个大样地(100 m×100 m),每个大样地各布设3个20 m×20 m的标准样方。在各样方内随机选取3个样点,根据土壤发生层次采用环刀对淋溶层(0~0.2 m左右,含腐殖质层)和淀积层(0.2~0.4 m左右)土壤进行分层采集土样。采用环刀法和土壤物理性质分析方法,测定土壤密度、土壤含水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和土壤入渗速率;采用单因素方差分析法、最小显著差异比较法、皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析法,分析森林土壤基本物理性质、水分蓄持和渗透性能、不同海拔和坡向土壤水分入渗特征。结果表明:(1)不同海拔和坡向对森林土壤淋溶层的影响大于淀积层;土壤密度在0.90~1.22 g·cm^(-3)之间,淋溶层土壤密度最大值出现在海拔1800 m半阴坡(1.20 g·cm^(-3)),且不同土层间土壤密度存在极显著差异(P<0.01);土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度的大小变化趋势,与土壤密度相反,均为淋溶层的大于淀积层的。(2)土壤自然贮水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量,均为淋溶层的大于淀积层的;淋溶层饱和蓄水量、毛管蓄水量、涵蓄降雨量、有效涵蓄量,最大值均出现在1800 m半阴坡,分别为“1322.69±13.37”、“981.67±18.13”、“572.13±26.51”、“231.10±17.41”t/hm^(2),且在不同坡向间均为半阴坡的大于半阳坡的。(3)土壤初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率,在不同海拔和坡向均为淋溶层的大于淀积层的;随海拔升高,入渗速率均为先增加后减小的趋势,不同坡向土壤初渗速率和稳渗速率均为半阴坡的大于半阳坡的;考斯加科夫(Kostiakov)模型拟合参数(a)值在2000 m半阴坡最大(12.243),土壤入渗速率较大。
In August 2019,three altitude gradients(1800,2000 and 2200 m)were set up in Guandi Mountain National Forest Park,Jiaocheng County,Shanxi Province.Each altitude gradient was divided into two slope directions:semi-shady slope and semi-sunny slope.According to different altitude gradients and slope directions,a total of six sample plots(100 m×100 m)were set up and each sample plot was arranged with three 20 m×20 m standard quadrat.Randomly select three sample points in each quadrat,and the ring knife was used to collect the soil in the leaching layer(about 0-0.2 m,including humus layer)and deposition layer(about 0.2-0.4 m)by layers according to the soil occurrence level.The soil density,soil moisture,saturation moisture capacity,capillary moisture capacity,total soil porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity and soil infiltration rate were measured by the ring knife method and soil physical property analysis method;a one-way analysis of variation(ANOVA),a least significant difference(LSD)multiple comparison test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the soil basic physical properties,water-holding capacity and permeability,and soil water infiltration characteristics at different altitudes and slopes.The effects of different altitudes and slope directions on the forest soil leaching layer were greater than those on the deposition layer;the soil density ranged from 0.90 to 1.22 g·cm^(-3),and the maximum soil density in the leaching layer appeared on the semi-shady slope(1.20 g·cm^(-3))at an altitude of 1800 m,and there were obvious significant differences in soil density between different soil layers(P<0.01);the trend of soil capillary porosity and total porosity were opposite to that of soil density,which were greater in the leaching layer than in the deposition layer.Natural soil water storage capacity,saturation moisture capacity,and capillary moisture capacity were greater in the leaching layer than in the deposition layer;the maximum value of soil saturation water capacity,capillary water capacity,rainfall storage and effective water storage of the leaching layer all appeared on the 1800 m semi-shady slope,which were 1322.69±13.37,981.67±18.13,572.13±26.51 and 231.10±17.41 t/hm^(2),respectively,and all of them showed that the semi-shady slope was greater than the semi-sunny slope.The initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate of soil in the leaching layer were higher than those in the deposition layer at different altitudes and slope directions;with the increase of altitude,the infiltration rate increased first and then decreased,the initial soil water infiltration rate and stable soil water infiltration rate in different slope directions were higher in semi-shady slope than in semi-sunny slope;the value of fitting parameter(a)of Kostiakov model was the largest(12.243)on the semi-shady slope of 2000 m and the soil infiltration rate is relatively large.
作者
亢晨波
郭汉清
张垚
刘洋
Kang Chenbo;Guo Hanqing;Zhang Yao;Liu Yang(Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,P.R.China)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期76-82,共7页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
山西农业大学引进博士科研启动项目(2018YJ08)。
关键词
山地土壤
森林土壤
森林水土保持
土壤水分入渗特征
关帝山
Mountainous soil
Forest soil
Forest soil and water conservation
Soil moisture infiltration characteristics
Guandi Mountain
