摘要
针对晚播对夏玉米生长发育造成的不利影响,采用垄覆膜沟不覆盖(LN)、垄覆膜沟覆秸秆(LJ)和垄沟全覆膜(LM)3种垄沟种植方式,以常规播期平作不覆盖(CK1)和晚播平作不覆盖(CK2)为对照,分析了不同垄沟种植方式对晚播夏玉米农田土壤水分、土壤温度及玉米生长和产量的影响,对比不同垄沟覆盖种植方式对晚播玉米生长的补偿效应。结果表明:垄沟种植显著提升了夏玉米0~25 cm土层土壤温度,促进了晚播夏玉米生长;生育期内多雨导致各处理0~200 cm土层土壤含水率一直在18%(75%田间持水率)或更高水平,覆膜对土壤水分的影响不明显;垄沟种植夏玉米整体生长状态在8月中下旬(抽雄~灌浆阶段)与CK1处理达到相同水平;地上部干物质量在成熟期达到或超过CK1处理水平;低温多雨导致晚播夏玉米生育期延长了8~9 d;垄沟种植处理倒伏率较低,最高值仅为3%,平作处理倒伏严重,CK1和CK2处理倒伏率分别达73.1%和20.1%;CK2处理全生育期各项生长及产量指标均较低,LJ处理前期生长状态差,后期贪长,最终相对CK1处理减产7.9%;LN处理产量9783.8 kg·hm^(-2),与CK1处理持平,LM处理达到最高产量11101.7 kg·hm^(-2),相对CK1处理增产12.2%。综合考虑土壤水热、夏玉米生长、产量等各方面因素,多雨条件下垄沟全覆膜方式对晚播玉米生长达到了最好的补偿效果。
To solve the adverse effects of late sowing on the growth and development of summer maize,three planting methods including ridge with plastic film mulching and furrow without mulching(LN),ridge with plastic film mulching and furrow with straw mulching(LJ),ridge and furrow with plastic film mulching(LM)were adopted.The conventional sowing period flat planting without mulching(CK1)and late flat planting without mulching(CK2)were used as controls.The effects of different ridge and furrow planting methods on field soil moisture,soil temperature,growth and yield of late-sown summer maize were analysed,and the compensation effects of different methods were compared.The results showed that the ridge and furrow planting pattern significantly increased the soil temperature in the 0~25 cm soil layer of summer maize and promoted the growth of late-sowing summer maize.During the growth period,the moisture content of 0~200 cm soil layer was maintained at 18%(75%of field capacity)or higher in each treatment,thus the influence of film mulching on soil moisture was not obvious.The overall growth status of summer maize planted in ridge and furrow planting pattern caught up with the CK1 treatment in mid-to-late August(tasselling to filling stage).The above-ground dry matter reached or exceeded the CK1 treatment at the maturity stage.Low temperature and heavy rainfall resulted in the extended growth period of late-sowing summer maize by 8~9 days.The lodging rate of ridge and furrow planting was low,and the highest value was only 3%.The lodging rate of CK1 and CK2 treatment was 73.1%and 20.1%,respectively.All growth and yield indicators of CK2 treatment were low throughout the growth period.LJ treatment had poor growth status in the early stage and greedy growth in the later stage,and ultimately reduced production by 7.9%compared with CK1 treatment.The yield of LN treatment was 9783.8 kg·hm^(-2),which was the same as that of CK1 treatment.The highest yield of LM treatment reached 11101.7 kg·hm^(-2),which was an increase of 12.2%compared with CK1 treatment.Considering soil moisture and heat,growth and yield of summer maize,the ridge mulching and furrow mulching method achieved the best compensation effect under rainy conditions.
作者
杨志超
李援农
谷晓博
陈祎彤
赵晓
YANG Zhichao;LI Yuannong;GU Xiaobo;CHEN Yitong;ZHAO Xiao(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas ofMinistry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期60-68,共9页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51979235)
陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2019-YL)。
关键词
夏玉米
播期
垄沟覆膜
土壤水热
生长
产量
summer maize
sowing date
ridge and furrow mulching
soil moisture and heat
growth
yield
