摘要
出土简牍显示,秦地方稟食所使用的粮食有“机构自产”“外地购粮”“上级拨付”三种主要来源。地方稟食又可分“外出给食”和“本地稟食”两大类,且二者遵循不同的发放程序。“本地稟食”是由仓官、司空、田官、诸乡等机构负责,它有前期准备、粮食发放、归档呈报等出稟程序。粮食发放,是其中的核心程序,它又包含“开仓”“量谷”“记录”“封仓”四个步骤。“外出给食”属于跨地区、跨机构提供饮食,它需要不同地域的管理机构相互配合、历经四个步骤才能完成。山东长清大街东汉画像石中的“量谷图”,非常形象地呈现了稟食过程中“量谷”出仓的场景。
According to the unearthed bamboo and slips of Qin Dynasty,the grain used by the local agencies of Qin Dynasty included three sources:"produced by the institutions themselves","grain purchased from other places","appropriated by superiors".Local grain distribution can be divided into"grain distribution in the other place"and"local grain distribution"two categories,and the two follow different distribution procedures."local grain distribution"by the warehouse institution,Sikong(司空),farmland institution,township and other institutions responsible for the main preparation,food distribution,filing and reporting procedures.Grain distribution is one of the most critical procedures,which includes four key steps:"opening warehouse","measuring grain","recording"and"closing warehouse"."Taking from the official warehouse"belongs to cross-regional and cross-institutional catering,which requires the cooperation of institutions in different regions and can be completed through four steps.The"grain measurement map"in the Eastern Han Dynasty stone in Chang-qing Street,Shandong Province,vividly presents the scene of"grain measurement"out of the barn in the process of grain distribution.
作者
谢坤
XIE Kun(School of Humanities,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122)
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期66-76,共11页
Agricultural History of China
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“出土简牍所见秦汉仓储制度研究”(20CZS014)。
关键词
里耶秦简
秦代
粮食
仓储
稟食
Liye Qin wooden slips
Qin Dynasty
grain
Storage
Grain distribution
