摘要
“VO不C”(推之不动)形式由表结果到表能力,其句法结构的演变机制在历时句法研究中仍属未解之谜。文章基于生成语法理论的“重新分析致变论”,发现能性式“VO不C”是由述补型连动式重新分析而来,重新分析的过程是在历时传递中下一代人将上一代人的连动式错误地理解为能性式,重新分析的关键是句法上的“时空要素”在两代人的历时传递中发生重新组合,由实然的连动式重新分析为非实然的能性式,语义上原来按照时序依次呈现的因果两个事件变成“断言”之下时空折叠中的单一事件。这一分析,既可以解释“VO不C”能性式的句法生成机制,也可以推演解释不能发生重新分析的各类现象,以及连动式不可句法内嵌、能性式可内嵌的现象等。
The emergence of Medieval potential structure [V+O+bu+C] originated from expressing results is still an unsolved mystery in diachronic syntax of Classical Chinese. Based on the theory of change caused by reanalysis in generative grammar, it is argued that it is the reanalysis mechanism that is responsible for generating the potential structure [V+O+bu+C] in Early Mandarin. This paper proposes that the potential structure [V+O+bu+C] is reanalyzed from the verb-complement serial verb construction. The process of reanalysis took place in the environments that the next generation mistakenly understood the serial verb construction used by previous generations as a potential structure through time. The basic operation of reanalysis in the current case is a specific process of restructuring of the syntactical spatiotemporal features in the diachronic transmission of two generations, resulting in an ambiguous structure of serial verb construction with a potential structure in the data of triggering experiences. Semantically, the two distinct events, namely, “causative event and resultative event” that originally appeared sequentially in a sentence, have become a single event folding with the same spatial and temporal properties under the assertion contexts. It is argued that new analysis provided here not only explains how the syntactic mechanism generates the potential structure [V+O+bu+C], but also answers the question of why various related phenomena cannot be reanalyzed and why the original serial verb constructions, unlike the potential one, cannot be syntactically embedded as well.
作者
刘丽媛
Liu Liyuan(Leiden University Centre for Linguistics,Leiden University,Leiden 2311BK)
出处
《语言科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期225-239,共15页
Linguistic Sciences
基金
国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(20VJXG038)的资助。
关键词
能性式
“VO不C”
重新分析
历时句法
时空要素
potential structure
V+O+bu+C
reanalysis
diachronic syntax
spatiotemporal features
