摘要
尽管“蝗不入境”的历史书写在东汉时期还没有形成为一种固定用以描述良吏的“模式”,但这种书写现象最早出现于《东观汉记》这一官修史书,值得深思。以往学者无论从汉王朝对循吏的褒崇,还是从天人感应下的灾异天谴说谈及这一问题,都只是东汉“蝗不入境”历史书写的大背景,缺乏直接关联性。即使有的学者分析到了谶纬学说,但在具体论证中往往泛泛而谈。实际上,“蝗不入境”书写始现于《东观汉记》,与东汉时期蝗灾频繁而又严重、谶纬学说盛行而又意识形态化、“变复之家”的德化思想及其积极宣扬更有直接关联性。特别是王充在《论衡》中多次提及,汉代“变复之家”积极宣扬德化变复思想,使得蝗虫从“灾虫”化为“神虫”,这对东汉时期“蝗不入境”的历史书写产生了更为直接的影响。作为思想家的王充,敏锐地注意到“变复学说”对于历史书写的深刻影响,并作了批判和分析。这对于我们深入认识中古时期“蝗不入境”书写模式的产生也有重要启示意义。
Although the historical writing of the phenomenon that locusts stayed away from some regions had not yet become a fixed pattern for depicting good officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty,it is worthy of study that this type of historical writing first appeared in Dongguan hanji,an officially edited history book.In the past,the academics touching upon this topic believe that this writing is a tribute to good officials,and that it reflects the belief that plaques are the wrath of heaven.Their studies relate this type of writing only to the general background rather than the actual reality of the time.Some researchers mentioned Confucianist divination,but their studies are too general.In fact,the writing of the phenomenon that locusts stayed away from some regions first appeared in Dongguan hanji,which is closely related to the frequent and serious locust plagues in the Eastern Han Dynasty,the prevailing ideological theory of divination,the virtue ethics advocated by the disaster risk management experts,who believed governance by virtue could stop cataclysm in the Eastern Han Dynasty.In particular,Wang Chong mentioned many times in his Lunheng that disaster risk management experts advocated stopping cataclysm by virtue,which changed people’s view of locusts from“harmful pests” to “sacred insects”.This has more direct impact on the historical writing of the phenomenon that some regions were free from locust plagues.As a thinker,Wang Chong was aware of the huge impact of the disaster risk management theory on historical writing,and criticized and analyzed this fallacy.Wang Chong’s thought has important implications for our in-depth understanding of the historical writing about the phenomenon that some places were free from locust plagues in the Middle Ages.
作者
靳宝
JIN Bao(Institute of Historical Theory,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100732)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期152-160,共9页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
中国历史研究院重大项目“中国历代国家治理的思想体系研究”(2019ZDGH013)。
关键词
东汉
蝗不入境
蝗灾
谶纬学说
变复学说
历史书写
the Eastern Han Dynasty
the phenomenon that some places were free from locust plagues
locust plagues
Confucianist divination
disaster risk management theory
historical writing
