摘要
从本源论上来看,我国现行的农地制度内含着农地的集体所有权、农业使用权、劳动收益权和生态发展权等四项彼此统一的本源性权利。在三权分置改革中,农户承包权和流转经营权便直接由集体所有权衍生出来,并通过三权合约建立统一性,同时受到农业土地用途管制、农地劳动权益保障和生态保护的约束。然而,改革开放以来,随着家庭联产承包责任制的实施、工业化和城镇化的持续推进,农业劳动收益率相对降低,大量农民进城务工,农地抛荒或者变更用途,生态也遭到一定破坏,由此我国农地制度在实践中出现了集体所有权这一本源性权利的虚置和弱化,也使当前三权分置农地制度所依赖的三权合约出现结构性失灵,并连带其他三项本源性权利程度不同的受到影响。农地制度本源性权利的虚置弱化和三权合约的结构性失灵,要求农地制度的合约论应以本源论为目的导向和约束条件,通过深化集体产权制度改革、维护国家粮食安全、提高农业劳动者收入、推进农业绿色发展,强化农地的本源性权利。
From the perspective of origin theory,China's current agricultural land system contains four unified original rights:col⁃lective ownership of agricultural land,agriculture use right,labor income right and ecological development right.In the reform of the three rights separation,farmers’contract rights and transfer of management rights are derived directly from collective owner⁃ship,and the unity is established through the contract of three rights.At the same time,it is restricted by agricultural land use control,agricultural land labor rights and interests protection and ecological protection.However,since China's reform and open⁃ing up,along with the implementation of the household contract responsibility system,and the continuous progress of industrial⁃ization and urbanization,the yields form agricultural labor have relatively reduced,and consequently,a large number of farmers have migrated to cities,farmland has not been cultivated or have been put to other uses,ecology has suffered from certain dam⁃age,resulting in the practice of farmland system in our country in the collective ownership of the source rights existing in name on⁃ly or weakening.It also makes the contract of the three rights on which the current system of separating the three rights of farm⁃land works fail structurally,and the other three original rights are affected by different degrees.In such condition,the new con⁃tract farmland system theory should be guided and restricted by the origin theory,and by deepening the reform of collective prop⁃erty rights system,safeguarding national food security,increasing agricultural laborers’income,and promoting the development of green agriculture,the land source rights will be strengthened.
作者
张元洁
ZHANG Yuanjie(Schlool of Marxism,Shanxi Agriucuture University,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2022年第4期48-57,共10页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition
基金
山西省软科学研究计划项目(2019041026-1)
山西农业大学2021年度哲学社会科学基金马克思主义理论研究专项(MLL202106)。
关键词
农地制度
本源论
本源性权利
合约论
三权合约
Agricultural land system
Origin theory
Original rights
Contract theory
Three-right contract
