摘要
The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal.Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade,this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels,structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces,using the physical quantity accounting method.The results showed that the total consumption of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase,with average value of 7.26 Tg yr^(-1),6.38 Tg yr^(-1),1.10 Tg yr^(-1),0.02 Tg yr^(-1) and 14.76 Tg yr^(-1),respectively.The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased,while the annual per capita consumption of farmland,grassland,waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating.The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the“Log-Cereal-Milk”mode during 1961-1984,the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar”mode during 1985-2007 and the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk”mode during 2008-2018.This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem(production,import and export capacity)and socio-economic factors(population density,per capita GDP and religious beliefs)are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern.Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly,there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet.The supply capacities of fruits,meat,eggs,milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet.This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood.
本研究基于FAOSTAT数据库中尼泊尔林业数据和食物消费数据,采用实物量核算方法,依据生物产品生产性土地类型归类,研究了尼泊尔农田、森林、草地、水域及综合生态系统的消费水平、结构及生态服务消费模式的动态变化,揭示了尼泊尔生态服务消费模式演变的主要因素。研究结果表明,1961-2018年尼泊尔农田、森林、草地、水域及综合生态系统服务消费总量平均分别为7.26 Tg yr^(-1)、6.38 Tg yr^(-1)、1.10 Tg yr^(-1)、0.02 Tg yr^(-1)和14.76 Tg yr^(-1),均呈现波动增长态势;除年人均森林消费量波动降低外,其余生态系统和综合生态系统年人均消费量均波动增加,且增速持续增大。1961-2018年尼泊尔生态服务消费可分为1961-1984、1985-2007和2008-2018年三个时期,生态服务消费模式依次为“木-谷-奶”模式、“木-谷-蔬-根-奶-糖”模式和“木-谷-蔬-根-糖-果-奶”模式。驱动因素分析表明,生态系统供给能力(生产能力、进口能力和出口能力)和社会经济因子(人口密度、人均GDP、宗教信仰)是影响尼泊尔生态服务消费模式演变的主要驱动力。尽管尼泊尔膳食结构有明显改善,但离平衡膳食标准还有较大差距,尼泊尔应加大水果、肉、蛋、奶及水产的供给能力。本研究可为中国援助尼泊尔民生改善项目制订提供数据支撑。
基金
The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)
The Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(AA20161002-3)。
