摘要
【目的】为保障黄河三角洲地区的生态安全和高质量发展,需“适水种植”调整作物结构,缩减农业用水占比,留足生态用水。【方法】基于气象站2006~2019年的实测气象资料,分析研究区降水和气温的变化趋势,利用Hargreaves-Samani法和FAO作物系数法估算当地7种非主粮作物各生育阶段及全生育期内的作物蒸散量,并结合有效降水量和淋洗需水量的计算得到典型干旱年和湿润年以及多年平均的灌溉需水量。【结果】黄河三角洲年降水量变化趋势不显著,春、秋和冬季的降水量呈现下降趋势,而夏季降水量呈上升趋势;年均气温呈现逐年上升趋势,夏季平均气温上升趋势最为显著。研究区非主粮作物灌溉需水由高到低分别为甜高粱、枸杞、黑麦草、苜蓿、菊芋、田菁和谷子,典型干旱年中7种作物均需补充灌溉,典型湿润年中谷子、田菁、菊芋和苜蓿降水量有盈余,平均年份中谷子和田菁降水量有盈余。【结论】作物各生育阶段的有效降水量分配不均,生育期内总降水量有盈余的情况下某些生育阶段依然会处于水分亏缺状态。研究结果可为该地区作物种植结构调整和灌溉制度优化提供参考依据。
[Objective] To ensure the ecological security and high-quality development of the Yellow River Delta, it is necessary to adjust the crop structure, reduce the proportion of agricultural water and leave enough ecological water.[Methods] Based on the measured meteorological data of the meteorological station from 2006 to 2019, the variation trend of precipitation and temperature in this area was analyzed, and the evapotranspiration of 7 local non-staple crops in each growth stage and the whole growth period was estimated by using Hargreaves Samani method and FAO crop coefficient method. Combined with the calculation of effective precipitation and leaching water demand, the average irrigation water demand in typical dry and humid years was obtained. [Results] The results showed that the annual precipitation in the Yellow River Delta has no significant change trend, the precipitation in spring, autumn, and winter showed a downward trend, while the precipitation in summer showed an upward trend. The average annual temperature showed an upward trend year by year. The upward trend of average temperature in summer was the most significant, while the changing trend of temperature in winter was not significant. The irrigation water requirements of non-staple crops in the study area were sweet sorghum > medlar > ryegrass > alfalfa > Jerusalem artichoke > Sesbania >millet. In typical dry years, all 7 crops needed supplementary irrigation. In typical wet years, the precipitation for millet, Sesbania, Jerusalem artichoke and alfalfa was surplus, and in average years, the precipitation for millet and Sesbania was surplus. [Conclusion] The distribution of effective precipitation in each growth stage of crops is uneven.When there is a surplus of total precipitation in the growth period, some growth stages will still be in a state of water deficit. The research results can provide a reference basis for crop planting structure adjustment and irrigation system optimization in this area.
作者
曹丹
易秀
陈小兵
咸敬甜
胡秋丽
CAO Dan;YI Xiu;CHEN Xiao-bing;XIAN Jing-tian;HU Qiu-li(Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrologv and Ecological Effects in Arid Areas,School of Water Conservancy and Environment,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710061,China;School of Environment and Materials Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Coastal Ecological Hydrological Process and Environmental Security Laboratory,Yantai 264025,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期795-804,共10页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合基金(U180215)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002702)
中国科学院STS项目(KFZD-SW-112-4)资助。
关键词
农业种植结构
黄河三角洲
水分盈亏
灌溉需水量
气候变化
Agricultural planting structure
The Yellow River Delta
Water profit and loss
Irrigation water demand
Climate change
